Significant progress has been made on maximising passive solar heat gains to building spaces in winter. Control of the space heating in these applications is complicated due to the lagging influence of the useful solar heat gain coupled with the wide range of construction materials and heating system choices. Additionally, and in common with most building control applications, there is a need t...

A major problem in astrophysical plasma physics is to explain how the outer atmosphere, the corona, ofthe sun is heated to temperatures of millions of degrees Kelvin. It is accepted that the heating mechanism is magnetic, with the energy source being turbulent motions below the solar surface. Two classes of theory are proposed, according to the timescale of the driving motions in relation to th...

since the energy consumption has become one of the crisis of modern buildings, modeling the iranian past architecture patterns could be helpful. the shopping streets as one of the main sectors consuming energy locate near the open spaces it seems, therefore, they need more thermal comfort. however, using passive techniques, the iranian traditional bazaars architecture solved the problems regard...

The heating of the solar corona has been a fundamental astrophysical issue for over sixty years. Over the last decade in particular, space-based solar observatories (Yohkoh, SOHOandTRACE) have revealed the complex and often subtlemagnetic-field and plasma interactions throughout the solar atmosphere in unprecedented detail. It is now established that any energy release mechanism is magnetic in ...