With the rapid growth of thermostatically controlled loads, active power fluctuation and peak demand growth within an autonomous micro-grid become serious problems. This paper tries to suppress power fluctuation and shave peak demand for a micro-grid through optimizing domestic electric water heaters (controllable load). In this paper, domestic electric water heater models are first built to op...

Breakthroughs in smart grid technology make it possible to deliver electricity controlled and intelligent ways improve energy efficiency between the user utility. Demand-side management strategies can reduce overall usage shift consumption peak loads. Electric water heaters account for 40% of residential consumption. Since they are thermal storage devices, advanced control their efficiency. How...

One of the effective methods to improve the thermal efficiency of solar collectors is using nanofluids as the coolant. The present study experimentally investigated the effect of SiO2/water nanofluid with 1% mass fraction on the performance of a symmetric collector, i.e. conical solar collector. The conical solar collector with 1 m2 area and normal to the earth was tested in Ahvaz, a city in th...

Water heating is a major component of domestic electrical energy usage, in some countries contributing to 25% the residential sector consumption. Demand response strategies can reduce time-of-use costs and overall We present method usage itself. Our novel schedule control minimises electric water heater's without compromising user convenience. achieve optimal control, while taking into account ...

The application of thermal storage materials in solar systems involves that utilize sensible heat energy, thermo-chemical reactions or phase change materials, such as hydrated salts, fatty acids paraffin and non-paraffin like glycerol. This article reviews the various exergy approaches were applied for several including hybrid water heating, still, space dryers/heaters cooking systems. In fact,...

Bubble columns are gas- liquid contactors that are widely used in chemical and bio- chemical industries. High mixing that result in high heat and mass transfer rates are amongst their advantages. Heat transfer in a bubble column having a bundle of heaters investigated and the variation of heat transfer coefficient with variation in heaters pitch to diameter ratios in a bundle of heaters reporte...