an efficient procedure is presented for the evaluation of solid oxide fuel cell (sofc) anode microstructure triple phase boundary length (tpbl). triple phase boundary- the one that is common between three phases of the microstructure- has a great influence on the overall efficiency of sofc because all electrochemical reactions of anode take place in its vicinity. therefore, evaluation of tpbl f...

Dr. Ghosh has presented a novel technique for the con­ version of Municipal Waste (MSW) to methane rich gas. Prior work has either permitted fermentation to proceed naturally (landfill gas extraction) or used conventional stirred reactors (DOE Ref COM facility). Proposed is to recycle leachate through a mass of solid waste to achieve volatile acids and then to convert the acids to methane in a ...

n this work, computational fluid dynamics of the flow behavior in a cold flow of fluidized bed is studied. An improved finite volume based finite element method has been introduced to solve the two-phase gas/solid flow hydrodynamic equations. This method uses a collocated grid, where all variables are located at the nodal points. The fluid dynamic model for gas/solid two-phase flow is based on ...

in this study, the trace amounts of erythrosine, as a food dye is determined by cloud point extraction-scanometry (cpe-scanometry) as a new, facile, available, fast, sensitive, and low cost method. the method is based on the cpe of analyte from aqueous solution, diluting the extracted surfactant-rich phase with ethanol, transfer to plexiglas®cell and scanning the cells containing the analyte so...

At the present paper, an analytical method based on temperature controlled solid-liquid extraction (TC-SLE) utilizing a synthesized ionic liquid, (N-butylpyridinium hexafluorophosphate, [BPy]PF₆), as solid solvent and phenanthroline (PT) as an extractant was developed to determine micro levels of Fe(2+) in tea by PT spectrophotometry. TC-SLE was carried out in two continuous steps: Fe(2+) can b...

Many commonly used techniques for detecting drugs in biological samples (e.g., gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, fluorimetry, and ultraviolet spectrophotometry) require that the drugs first be separated from the biological matrix. They usually are separated by extraction with an immiscible organic solvent or by adsorption onto a solid support. These are time-consuming methods, and ...

Heavy organics deposition is a common problem in oil industry, especially in oil production, transportation and processing. Wax or solid paraffin series are examples of heavy organics that deposit. Precipitation and crystallization of wax causes major difficulties in different processes. Based on multi-solid theory, a basic model is modified in this paper for wax precipitation in different oils...

Solid phases formed in the quaternary system: uric acid-calcium hydroxide -hydrochloric acid-water aged for 2 months at 310 K were studied to determine conditions for calcium hydrogenurate hexahydrate, Ca(C5H3N4O)2 · 6H2O precipitation. The precipitates were identified by chemical and thermogravimetric analyses, x-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, light microscopy, and scanning ele...

Sampling and analysis provide the data for all geochemical interpretation and thus it is imperative that these tasks be performed by trained personnel with insight into possible errors. Different types of containers (glass, or plastic, amber or transparent) and different pre-treatment (filtering, freezing, addition of chemicals) is needed for the various constituents determined. Some constituen...