The Ricci flow ∂g/∂t = −2Ric(g) is an evolution equation for Riemannian metrics. It was introduced by Richard Hamilton, who has shown in several cases ([7], [8], [9]) that the flow converges, up to re-scaling, to a metric of constant curvature. However, “soliton” solutions to the flow give examples where the Ricci flow does not uniformize the metric, but only changes it by diffeomorphisms. Soli...

In this paper, the generalized (2+1)-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff (shortly CBS) equations are investigated. We employ the Hirota’s bilinear method to obtain the bilinear form of CBS equations. Then by the idea of extended homoclinic test approach (shortly EHTA), some exact soliton solutions including breather type solutions are presented. Keywords—EHTA, (2+1)-dimensional CBS equat...

In this paper we investigate the generalized inhomogeneous higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations, generated recently by deforming the inhomogeneous Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin system through a space curve formalism [Phys. Lett. A 352, 64 (2006)] and construct their multisoliton solutions, using gauge transformation. The amplitude of the bright soliton solutions generated grows and deca...

An application of the Darboux transformation on a cnoidal wave background in the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation gives a new solution which describes a soliton moving on a cnoidal wave. This is a generalized version of the previously known soliton solutions of dark-bright pair. Here a dark soliton resides on a cnoidal wave instead of on a constant background. It also exhibits a new types...

A class of dissipative complex Ginzburg–Landau (DCGL) equations that govern the wave propagation in dissipative nonlinear transmission lines is solved exactly by means of the Hirota bilinear method. Two-soliton solutions of the DCGL equations, from which the one-soliton solutions are deduced, are obtained in analytical form. The modified Hirota method imposes some restrictions on the coefficien...

We explore the space of solutions of the classical equations of motion in the Euclidean electroweak theory. We sketch a topological prescription that finds known solutions and indicates the existence of novel ones. All spatially–varying, time– independent solutions are unstable. However, if we consider quantum fluctuations around static classical configurations, it may be possible to find stabl...

Using our previous work on reflectionless analytic difference operators and a nonlocal Toda equation, we introduce analytic versions of the Volterra and Kac-van Moerbeke lattice equations. The real-valued N -soliton solutions to our nonlocal equations correspond to self-adjoint reflectionless analytic difference operators with N bound states. A suitable scaling limit gives rise to the N -solito...

In this paper, using ( ′ G )-expansion method and modified F-expansion method, we give some explicit formulas of exact traveling wave solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation. A modified F-expansion method is proposed by taking full advantages of F-expansion method and Riccati equation in seeking exact solutions of the equation. Keywords—Exact solution, The (3+1)-dimensiona...

In this paper, we employ the construction of topological horseshoes to study the pattern of the soliton solutions to the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations in a twodimensional lattice. The spatial disorder of the DNLS equations is the result of the strong amplitudes and stiffness of the nonlinearities. The complexity of this disorder is determined by the oscillations (number of tur...

We have performed a theoretical study of the soliton fiber laser based on the quintic complex GinzburgLandau equation ~CGLE!. This study may also apply to soliton propagation in telecommunications systems. We have developed a simple approach that allows us to obtain, in an approximate way, analytical expressions for the stable pulselike solutions of the CGLE. The method also gives an accurate e...