The human YME1L protease is a membrane-anchored AAA+ enzyme that controls proteostasis at the inner membrane and intermembrane space of mitochondria. Understanding how YME1L recognizes substrates and catalyses ATP-dependent degradation has been hampered by the presence of an insoluble transmembrane anchor that drives hexamerization of the catalytic domains to form the ATPase active sites. Here,...

Transporters are a diverse group of membrane proteins that facilitate the movement of water-soluble solutes through the lipid bilayer of biological membranes. The least complex transporters are the uniporters (Kakuda and MacLeod, 1994). They simply facilitate the diffusion of their substrates across membranes and dissipate substrate gradients that arise as the result of other processes. Uniport...

Abstract Identification of patterns in chemical reaction pathways aids the effective design molecules for specific applications. Here, we report on model reactions with a water-soluble single thiol-thioester exchange (TTE) substrate, which was designed taking view biological and medical This substrate consists thio-depsipeptide, Ac-Pro-Leu-Gly-SLeu-Leu-Gly-NEtSH (TDP) does not yield foul-smelli...

Dolichol is utilized in vivo as an unusually large anchor on which the precursor for N-linked oligosaccharides is assembled by a series of glycosyltransferases. The role of dolichol in enzyme substrate recognition is investigated. Thus the biosynthetic intermediate NN'-diacetylchitobiose was chemically linked to either dolichol or the much shorter fully saturated tetraisoprenoid phytanol. Both ...

Two soft lithography based fabrication techniques were employed for fabricating mechanically independent, freely suspended polymer microstructure from poly(n-propyl methacrylate) (PPMA) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Both methods involve a micromolding process followed by thermal bonding to the substrate. The first method, sacrificial layer micromolding, uses a water-soluble sacrificial ...

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) mathematical model was established with suspended microorganisms, biomass on the electrode material, soluble chemical substrates and intermediary. By simulating the process of the substrate degradation, biomass growth and the electric current production process, With different initial biomass concentration, suspended microbial biomass and biomass attaching on electrode...