Apparent molar volumes (φV) and viscosity B-coefficients for glycine in 0.005, 0.010, 0.015, and 0.020 mol dm-3 aqueous silver sulphate (Ag2SO4) solutions have been determined from solution density and viscosity measurements at (298.15, 308.15, and 318.15) K as a function of glycine concentration. The standard partial molar volume (φV0) and experimental slopes (SV*) obtained from the Masson equ...

The purpose of this study is to summarize water, carbohydrate (CHO), and electrolyte absorption from carbohydrate-electrolyte (CHO-E) solutions based on all of the triple-lumen-perfusion studies in humans since the early 1960s. The current statistical analysis included 30 reports from which were obtained information on water absorption, CHO absorption, total solute absorption, CHO concentration...

Why does a raw egg swell or shrink when placed in different solutions? Chapter Objectives Define solution, solvent, solute and colligative properties and use them in calculations to solve for molality, mole fraction, weight percent and ppm Explain the differences between saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions, miscible and immiscible Use lattice energy and enthalpy of hydration to ...

Recently a simple formalism was proposed for a quantitative analysis of interatomic voids inside a solute molecule and in the surrounding solvent. It is based on the Voronoi-Delaunay tessellation of structures, obtained in molecular simulations: successive Voronoi shells are constructed, starting from the interface between the solute molecule and the solvent, and continuing to the outside (into...

Local-scale heterogeneity in natural aquifers plays a key role in solute mixing and chemical reactions. The incorporation of this scale of heterogeneity in traditional grid-based methods is difficult because of large computational costs and because of their poor accuracy in the advective-dominated transport found in most practical problems. Particle methods are an attractive alternative to simu...

We have used equilibrium and nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to study the solute self-diffusion coefficient and the shear rate dependence of the solution viscosity in solutions of model nanocolloidal particles that range in mass ratio from mu=1 up to mu=50 and size ratio from s=1 up to s=4.03 at various concentrations. The zero shear rate viscosities and the initial rates of shear...

Laboratory experiments were conducted to study solute transport along preferential flow paths in unsaturated, inclined fractures. Qualitative aspects of solute transport were identified in a miscible dye tracer experiment conducted in a transparent replica of a natural granite fracture. Additional experiments were conducted to measure the breakthrough curves of a conservative tracer introduced ...

In applying the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) equation for calculating the electrostatic free energies of solute molecules, an open question is how to specify the boundary between the low-dielectric solute and the high-dielectric solvent. Two common specifications of the dielectric boundary, as the molecular surface (MS) or the van der Waals (vdW) surface of the solute, give very different results for...

The mathematical description of hemodialysis (HD) includes two parts: 1) explanation of the exchange between patient’s blood and dialysate fluid across a semipermeable membrane of the dialyzer, and 2) characterization of the solute removal from the patient. The solute transport across the dialyzer membrane depends on the difference in hydrostatic pressure and solute concentration gradients betw...

An empirically determined measure of the solute drag force called the drag factor is derived and defined. The drag factor is the derivative of mobility with respect to grain size, and describes well the drag effect of solute in the six different aluminas measured. A normalized drag factor allows direct comparison of different dopants, and validation of theoretically predicted trends. This const...