In cortical neurons, spikes are initiated in the axon initial segment. Seen at the soma, they appear surprisingly sharp. A standard explanation is that the current coming from the axon becomes sharp as the spike is actively backpropagated to the soma. However, sharp initiation of spikes is also seen in the input-output properties of neurons, and not only in the somatic shape of spikes; for exam...

The lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat was explored with micropipettes having submicroscopic tips. The only reliably recorded intracellular activity was from axons. Following orthodromic stimulation, the potentials recorded by the extracellular electrodes registered the net flow of current across the soma-dendritic membrane of the principal cell bodies. The current has three phases of flow a...

BACKGROUND Chrysotile from the mine in Balangero, Italy is considered to be free of tremolite. In a cohort study of miners and millers only two pleural cancers were reported, a finding considered to indicate that chrysotile has a low potency for inducing mesothelioma. However, follow-up ended in 1987 and white-collar workers and the employees of subcontractors were not studied. METHODS To com...

The planting of trees on mine wastelands is an effective, long-term technique for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated wastes. In this study, a pot experiment with seedlings of Koelreuteria paniculata under six treatments of local mine wastes was designed to determine the major constraints on tree establishment and to evaluate the feasibility of planting K. paniculata on manganese mine ...

In recent, the placement of backfill in underground mines has emerged as a new paradigm in research as it not only improves safety but also allows disposal of byproducts including coal ash. In this regards, this paper addresses the backfilling challenges in limestone mine to prevent sinkhole and subsidence. Limestone mines, generally regarded as being safer than coal and metal mines, have been ...

ABStrAct Background: An estimated 1.7 bil­ lion people worldwide are affected by obesity­related comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Bariatric surgery is recog­ nized as an effective treatment for morbid obesity. A study of patients at a Bc clinic was undertaken to deter­ mine if combining bariatric surgery with comprehensive care provided by a multidisciplinary team impr...