compounds on Earth. No known form of life can survive without it, and for a human, a day without water is a day of suffering. Water is such a familiar element in everyday life that one might assume that it is completely understood. Unfortunately, that is not true. Our ignorance is well illustrated by sonoluminescence, the astounding ability of water to concentrate energy from sound waves into f...

The method of making OH radicals generated by the collapse ultrafine bubbles as an indicator when applying ultrasound was examined identifying less than 1 ?m in diameter under presence mixed solid nanoparticles. First, potassium iodide (KI) used to evaluate radicals. Since difference absorbance due is very small using air contained gas, evaluation KI difficult; however, a distinct confirmed inc...

The use of molecular and continuum emission spectra from multiple bubble (MB) and single bubble (SB) sonoluminescence (SL) is explored as a probe of bubble temperature during cavitational collapse. It is proposed that molecular and continuum SL arise from different chemical pathways, which occur during discrete intervals along the cavitational collapse time line, thus yielding different cavitat...

We studied the effects of ionization in a sonoluminescing (SL) bubble within the hydrodynamic framework. The thermodynamic variables and the degrees of ionization inside the bubble throughout an oscillation cycle are obtained by solving the hydrodynamic equations assuming spherical symmetry. Several models are used to compute the emitted radiation, which are then compared with experimental data...

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Sonoluminescence occurs when tiny bubbles filled with noble gas atoms are driven by a sound wave. Each cycle of the driving field is accompanied by a collapse phase in which the bubble radius decreases rapidly until a short but very strong light flash is emitted. The spectrum of the light corresponds to very high temperatures and hints at the presence of a hot plasma core. While everyone accept...

Michael P. Brenner,1 Detlef Lohse,2,3 David Oxtoby,4 and Todd F. Dupont3 1Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 2Fachbereich Physik der Universität Marburg, Renthof 6, 35032 Marburg, Germany 3Department of Mathematics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637 4Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University ...

Sonoluminescence is explained in terms of quantum radiation by moving interfaces between media of different polarizability. In a stationary dielectric the zero-point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field excite virtual two-photon states, which become real under perturbation due to motion of the dielectric. The sonoluminescent bubble is modeled as an optically empty cavity in a homogeneous d...

It is known from experiment that the light emission from a sonoluminescing bubble can be increased by using more than one driving frequency. In this paper, a systematic method to determine the optimal conditions of pressure amplitude and relative phase for this effect is described. As a specific application, a two-frequency system--26.5 kHz and 53 kHz--is considered. It is found that the maximu...