We present the details of a methodology for quality assurance in large medical terminologies and describe three algorithms that can help terminology developers and users to identify potential mistakes. The methodology is based in part on linguistic criteria and in part on logical and ontological principles governing sound classifications. We conclude by outlining the results of applying the met...

Intelligence By CYRIL BURT, M.A., D.Sc. Psychologists are often asked for a good test of intelligence to be used with adults. Of those at present available none is wholly satisfactory. The harder problems in the Terman-Binet scale sound too much like a teacher's crossquestioning in school : " If two pencils cost fivepence, how many pencils can you buy for fifty pence?"* On the other hand, the b...

We model the forgetting of propositional variables in a modal logical context where agents become ignorant and are aware of each others’ or their own resulting ignorance. The resulting logic is sound and complete. It can be compared to variable-forgetting as abstraction from information, wherein agents become unaware of certain variables: by employing elementary results for bisimulation, it fol...

abstract background: given the fact of irrecoverable consequences of noise in industrial societies and the environment, acoustic filter (silencer) is an instrument which obstacles the transmission of sound waves. a sort of this silencer is helmholtz resonator (branch amplifier) which comes to sound appropriate for low and below 200 hz frequencies in fan and channel noise. the purpose of this ar...

Prolog is originally rooted in logic with the elegant mapping: “programs = formulas, execution = proof search”. Constraint logic programming extends Prolog to program in a richer structure than mere Herbrand terms. The underlying constraint solving engine requires either to be built-in or to add coroutines mechanisms that are not in the scope of logical reading. Implementations add other non-lo...

Abstract We study the logic of so-called lexicographic or priority merge for multi-agent plausibility models. start with a systematic comparison between logical behavior and more standard notion pooling through intersection, used to define, instance, distributed knowledge. then provide sound complete axiomatization merge, as well proof theory in labeled sequents that admits cut. finally Moorean...

Introduction: Radiotherapy is still one of the main options for cancer treatment but it is in association with damage to normal cells as well as the tumor cells. To reduce the injury in normal cells we have evaluated the effect of 528 hertz sound after X irradiation in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods: in this study, peripheral blood was o...

the respected author believes that true faith is actually a logical assertion of faith [within] or entrenched certainty towards the objects of faith. naturally this logical assertion can only be considered as faith while it doesn’t accompany denial of the objects of faith. he believes that the freedom to choose faith is related to the freedom to choose when faith first comes about and whether i...

An (n, k)-ary quantifier is a generalized logical connective, binding k variables and connecting n formulas. Canonical Gentzen-type systems with (n, k)-ary quantifiers are systems which in addition to the standard axioms and structural rules have only logical rules in which exactly one occurrence of an (n, k)-ary quantifier is introduced. The semantics of such systems for the case of k ∈ {0, 1}...