The growth of phytoplankton and thus marine primary productivity depend on photophysiological performance of phytoplankton cells that respond to changing environmental conditions. The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea of the western Pacific and plays important roles in modulating regional climate and carbon budget. However, little has been documented on photophysiological charac...

[1] It is commonly believed that greenhouse-gas-induced global warming can weaken the east Asian winter monsoon but strengthen the summer monsoon, because of stronger warming over high-latitude land as compared to low-latitude oceans. In this study, we show that the surface wind speed associated with the east Asian monsoon has significantly weakened in both winter and summer in the recent three...

Eddy-induced sea surface salinity (SSS) changes are systematically studied in the South China Sea (SCS) by using Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite data from 2015 to 2021 for first time. All eddies SCS during this period analysed, and two normalized eddy composites reconstructed under long-term basin mean. In general, anticyclonic (AEs) tend result lower than cyclonic (CEs) upper oce...

A new concept, the directed angle, is introduced to study seasonal rotation regimes of global wind vectors and annual variability of monsoon. Compared with previous studies on using angles between wind vectors, this concept better describes the daily variations of both rotation direction and rotation amplitude of wind vector. According to the concept, six categories of wind vector rotation with...

China’s expansion in the South China Sea is not only important for today’s political climate, but also crucial international relations arena. has been able to claim nearly eighty percent of Sea, affecting one third global maritime trade routes that occur Sea. Additionally, building up shoals and islets expand Exclusive Economic Zone beyond its natural coastal shores militarizing them, add desta...