Primiparous (n = 9) and multiparous (n = 18) Holstein cows averaging 584 +/- 15 kg of body weight (mean +/- SE) were allotted at 2 wk postpartum to nine groups (3 primiparous and 6 multiparous) of 3 cows each to determine the effects of pea extrusion on ruminal degradability and milk production. Cows were fed a total mixed diet based on timothy silage and concentrate for ad libitum intake. The ...

Since 2001 the European Commission banned the use of meat and bone meal and its byproducts in diets for livestock animals (EC directive 999/2001) in order to assure consumer safety on animal products. Consequently, soybean meal became the most utilised protein source in the intensive livestock systems. Moreover, the proteins of this source are low degradable in the rumen and well proportioned t...

Feed ingredients of plant origin are commonly used in swine diets. However, the major components of plant cell walls, non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), reduce nutrient digestibility. To improve the efficiency of feed utilization, exogenous enzyme products that degrade NSPs have been widely used in commercial animal feeds. Nonetheless, the effects of exogenous enzyme addition to swine diets on ...

The availabilities of lysine and threonine in soybean meal for 10- to 20-kg pigs were determined in two experiments using slope-ratio methodology. In the first experiment, a basal diet formulated to contain 6 g of lysine/kg, but adequate in all other amino acids, was supplemented with 1, 2, or 3 g of lysine/kg from either soybean meal or L-lysine-HCl. Each of the seven diets was available on an...

Ruminally undegraded protein (RUP) values of blood meal (n = 2), hydrolyzed feather meal (n = 2), fish meal (n = 2), meat and bone meal, and soybean meal were estimated using an in situ method, an inhibitor in vitro method, and an inhibitor in vitro technique applying Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. Degradation rates for in situ and inhibitor in vitro methods were calculated by regression...

Nine ruminally and duodenally cannulated (145 ± 21 kg of initial BW; Exp. 1) and sixteen intact (181 ± 36 kg of initial BW; Exp. 2), commercial, Angus, nursing, steer calves were used to evaluate the effects of advancing season and corn distillers dried grains with solubles in creep feed on intake, digestion, microbial efficiency, ruminal fermentation, and performance while grazing native range...

Effect of soybean (Glycine max) on serum level of some sex hormones: testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone/interstitial cell stimulating hormone (LH/ICSH), estradiol and prolactin in male rats was investigated. Twenty male albino rats of 12 weeks old with similar body weights were assigned to four groups of 5 rats each and treatment with soybean meal at 100, 200 ...

Two different strains of Rhizopus sp. i.e. R. oligosporus -M30 and R. arrhizus -M26 were employed for the production of acid protease using different agro-residues such as rice husk, rice bran, wheat bran, defatted soybean meal and sunflower meal as a sole carbon source. R. oligosporus -M30 gave maximum enzyme level with soybean meal (15.6 U/gds) while R. arrhizus -M26 with sunflower meal (13.6...

Experiments were conducted to determine the tryptophan (Trp) requirement of 10- to 20-kg pigs. A Trp-deficient experimental diet (.11% total Trp, 18% CP, 3,320 kcal of ME/kg) was composed of corn, feather meal, corn gluten meal, soybean meal, and dried whey. True digestibility of Trp in the experimental diet was 70% (.077% digestible Trp) as established in a digestibility assay that involved ce...