We have investigated the use of spacer molecules to reduce steric interference of the support on the hybridisation behaviour of immobilised oligonucleotides. These spacers are built up from a variety of monomeric units, using phosphoramidite chemistry, by condensation onto an amine-functionalised polypropylene support. The optimal spacer length was determined to be at least 40 atoms in length, ...

During the process of prokaryotic CRISPR adaptation, a copy of a segment of foreign deoxyribonucleic acid referred to as protospacer is added to the CRISPR cassette and becomes a spacer. When a protospacer contains a neighboring target interference motif, the specific small CRISPR ribonucleic acid (crRNA) transcribed from expanded CRISPR cassette can protect a prokaryotic cell from virus infect...

Eco-RI-A fragments of the human ribosomal RNA gene family from two types of tissue and three individuals were cloned in lambda vectors and compared by restriction enzyme digestion and electron microscopy. The EcoRI fragment A contains (i) 0.2 kb of the 3' end of the 18S rDNA, (ii) 2.5 kb of internal transcribed spacer and the 5.8S rDNA, and (iii) 4.6 kb of the 28S rDNA gene. All of the six clon...

In this paper, gate leakage current has been mitigated by the use of novel nanoscale MOSFET with Source/Drain-to-Gate Non-overlapped and high-k spacer structure for the first time. A compact analytical model has been developed to study the gate leakage behaviour of proposed MOSFET structure. The result obtained has found good agreement with the Sentaurus Simulation. Fringing gate electric field...

BACKGROUND Despite recent research supporting the use of metered dose inhalers with spacer devices (MDI/spacers) in pediatric emergency departments (PEDs) for acute exacerbations of asthma, uptake of this practice has been slow. The objectives of this study were to determine the barriers and supports to implementing MDI/spacer research and to identify factors associated with early and late adop...

Seventy four SNP genotypes and 54 E. coli genomes from kangaroo, Tasmanian devil, reptile, cattle, dog, horse, duck, bird, fish, rodent, human and environmental water sources were screened for the presence of the CRISPR 2.1 loci flanked by cas2 and iap genes. CRISPR 2.1 regions were found in 49% of the strains analysed. The majority of human E. coli isolates lacked the CRISPR 2.1 locus. We desc...

In this work a simple solid-on-solid (SOS) model of inhomogeneous films epitaxial growth is presented. The results of the computer simulations based on the random deposition (RD) enriched by a local relaxation which tends to maximize the number of a particle-particle lateral bonds (PPLB) against barriers blocking diffusion are presented. The influence of strength of the atoms interactions and b...

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the source is credited. DOI 10.3109/17453670903039551 In the past few years hip spacers have become popular in the treatment of infected total hip arthroplasties (THAs), with reported infecti...

Porous titanium specimens have been produced by means of the space holder method. Titanium grade 3 (TiCP3) has been used as material and ammonium bicarbonate as spacer. Process parameters (compaction pressure, metal grain size range and spacer volume) influence on porosity morphology and distribution and bending strength has been analysed. The results denote an important loss of strength when c...

The Escherichia coli type I-E CRISPR-Cas system Cascade effector is a multisubunit complex that binds CRISPR RNA (crRNA). Through its 32-nucleotide spacer sequence, Cascade-bound crRNA recognizes protospacers in foreign DNA, causing its destruction during CRISPR interference or acquisition of additional spacers in CRISPR array during primed CRISPR adaptation. Within Cascade, the crRNA spacer in...