We propose a mathematical model for the process of dry pasta cooking with specific reference to spaghetti. Pasta cooking is a two-stage process: water penetration followed by starch gelatinization. Differently from the approach adopted so far in the technical literature, our model includes free boundaries: the water penetration front and the gelatinization onset front representing a fast stage ...

This addendum updates the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) 2020 journal pricing data in Thorton & Brundy (2021). After authors requested and reviewed UNC’s 2021 subsequent discussions with UNC, it was determined that final net price provided by UNC used original analysis [in Table 4] incorrect. The based upon invoicing for eight months. In this addendum, is annualized twelv...

In this issue, Frey and Görlich (2007) provide new insight into the selective barrier that controls protein traffic through the nuclear pore complex. They show that a single protein domain of the nuclear pore protein Nsp1 can form a hydrogel that allows highly selective access of nuclear transport receptors and their cargos, but rejects other proteins of similar size.

This study sought to compare intake levels of major dish items and food groups between normal and obese Korean children in order to understand obesity-related eating behaviors. The study was also conducted to apply the information on the differences in major dish items and food groups found in this study to development of a brief food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for children's obesity-related...

With the Doha Round of the WTO stalled indefinitely, bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) have proliferated. While countries in Asia were relative latecomers to preferential liberalization, they have been catching-up rapidly. Indeed, the proliferation of FTAs has been greatest in Asia over the past decade. As of January 2013, there are 109 FTAs involving an Asian country already in effect, 13...

Although GOTO has long been criticized for being \unstruc-tured" and causing \unreliable" programs, it is still in use and even modern languages like Ada95 provide GOTO. Why? This paper presents the results of a study in which we examined 316 MB of Ada source code in order to nd the frequency and typical applications of GOTO. It turned out that about 99% of all examined les do not contain any G...

The rapid appearance (over evolutionary time) of the cognitive skills and complex inventions of modern humans has been attributed to “cumulative cultural evolution” (henceforth CCE), the accumulation of knowledge and skills over generations. To date, researchers have only been able to speculate about the reasons for the apparent absence of this phenomenon in nonhumans, and it has not been possi...

Portion sizes of many foods have increased in recent times. In three studies we examined the effect that repeated visual exposure to larger versus smaller food portion sizes has on perceptions of what constitutes a normal-sized food portion and measures of portion size selection. In studies 1 and 2 participants were visually exposed to images of large or small portions of spaghetti bolognese, b...

Interaction is critical to effective visualization, but can be difficult to author and debug due to dependencies among input events, program state, and visual output. Recent advances leverage reactive semantics to support declarative design and avoid the “spaghetti code” of imperative event handlers. While reactive programming improves many aspects of development, textual specifications still f...