BACKGROUND There has been growing interest among exposure assessors, epidemiologists, and policymakers in the concept of "hot spots", or more broadly, the "spatial extent" of impacts from traffic-related air pollutants. This review attempts to quantitatively synthesize findings about the spatial extent under various circumstances. METHODS We include both the peer-reviewed literature and gover...

satellite data have been used for temperature modeling both in urban areas and water. this paperstudies viability of aster satellite images that provide high spatial and spectral resolution to model watersurface temperature, as a fundamental water quality parameter. this study is focused on dez dam reservoirresiding in khuzestan province, south west of iran. after the image corrections required...

An algorithm for burned area mapping in Africa based on classification trees was developed using SPOT-VEGETATION imagery. The derived 1 km spatial resolution maps were compared with 30 m resolution maps obtained with 13 Landsat scenes, through linear regression analysis. The procedure quantifies the bias in burned area estimation present in the low resolution burned area maps. Good corresponden...

This research investigates temporal and spatial patterns of vegetation greenness and explores relationships between rainfall and vegetation dynamics in the Sahel, based on analyses of NDVI time series and gridded precipitation estimates at different spatial resolutions.

This study investigates the missing data problem in the Japan Meteorological Agency catalog of the Kumamoto aftershock sequence, which occurred since April 15, 2016, in Japan. Based on the assumption that earthquake magnitudes are independent of their occurrence times, we replenish the short-term missing data of small earthquakes by using a bi-scale transformation and study their influence on t...

The issue of normalization arises whenever two different values for a vector of unknown parameters imply the identical economic model. A normalization implies not just a rule for selecting which among equivalent points to call the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE), but also governs the topography of the set of points that go into a small-sample confidence interval associated with that MLE. A po...

A model-based multiple imputation approach for analyzing sample data with non-detects is proposed. The imputation approach involves randomly generating observations below the detection limit using the detected sample values and then analyzing the data using complete sample techniques, along with suitable adjustments to account for the imputation. The method is described for the normal case and ...

We consider a distributed system where sensors make location parameter estimates using their observations. A central processor collects the local estimates and declares a nal estimate based on them. We present a simple study of the convergence properties of three structures where empirical mean and M-estimates are used in various combinations. It is shown that when occasional outliers exist, de...

Abstract. We present and analyze a posteriori error estimates for the local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for the linearized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation in one space dimension. These estimates are computationally simple and are obtained by solving a local steady problem with no boundary condition on each element. We extend the work of Hufford and Xing [J. Comput. Appl. Math., 255 (20...

Catch quotas for walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus, the dominant species in the groundfish fishery off Alaska, are set by applying harvest control rules to annual estimates of spawning stock biomass (SSB) from age-structured stock assessments. Adult walleye pollock abundance and maturity status have been monitored in early spring in Shelikof Strait in the Gulf of Alaska for almost three decad...