there are many discrepancies around the effect of sex hormones on spatial learning and memory in rodents. the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of estradiol (es) and testosterone (tes) on spatial memory in adult castrated male rats. cholinesterase activity of the hippocampus in treated animals was also measured to seek if hormonal treatment can ch...

objective(s) learning is defined as the acquisition of information and skills, while subsequent retention of that information is called memory. the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of boswellia papyrifera on learning and memory paradigms in mice and rats. materials and methods this study was held at the department of pharmacology, faculty of pharma...

background: this study was planned to examine the effects of whole-body exposure to gsm-950 mhz electromagnetic fields (emfs) on acquisition and consolidation of spatial memory in rats using a water maze task. materials and methods: in experiment 1, the animals were given two blocks of five trials per day for three consecutive days in a water maze task. the interval between blocks was 4h. befor...

Introduction: Although the initial hypothesis for the action of doxepin was based on the inhibition of the reuptake of neurotransmitters, it has been suggested that it may also involve other mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of doxepin on spatial memory, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-&alpha) level, expression of pro-apoptotic (Bad and Bax) and anti-apoptotic (B...

it is important for people to improve cognitive and motor performance. the purpouse of this study was to investigate the effect of running on treadmill in spatial memory and learning and motor performance. 24 albino-wistar healthy male rats were randomly divided into control and activity groups. activity group ran 7 days on treadmill (speed 22m/min 30 minutes a day). after the end of activity p...