Issue 1: MPA benefits to fisheries It is crucial to avoid ‘overselling’ MPAs on the basis that increased catches due to spillover and enhanced recruitment from spawning in the MPA will more than make up for lost fishing grounds, increased effort and higher costs of fishers displaced from the MPA. To date, this assumption has never been proven; and spillover is generally measured as movement of ...

Stocks' yield and size per recruit are widely used to provide fisheries management guidance. This study provides details for analyzing the composite (i.e. age-aggregated or stage-structured) (CYPR) model CYPR14, proposes CYPR14 as a tool tropical fisheries. The fishing mortality rates maximizing CYPR ( F ) associated with marginal increase in 0.1 target spawning potential ratio (CSPR; 35%CSPR 4...

Aboveground production in terrestrial plant communities is commonly expressed in amount of carbon, or biomass, per unit surface. Alternatively, expressing production per unit volume allows the comparison of communities by their fundamental capacities in packing carbon. In this work we reanalyzed published data from more than 900 plant communities across nine ecosystems to show that standing dry...

It has often been stated or implied that grazing is an important factor in the land degradation process, a suggestion supported by various research projects, and this study investigated the effect of livestock grazing on stem height, crowncover, production, basal diameter, stem biomass, litter, leaf-stem index (leaf to stem weight) , root diameter and weight and seed production per individual o...

The reproductive biology of albacore tuna, Thunnus alalunga, in the South Pacific Ocean was investigated with samples collected during broad-scale sampling between 2006 and 2011. Histology was done in a single laboratory according to standard protocols and the data analysed using generalized linear mixed-effects models. The sex ratio of albacore was female biased for fish smaller than approxima...

kutum, rutilus frisii kutum, is an commercially important fish in the caspian sea. the fish enters the rivers leading to the caspian sea for spawning. one of these rivers is shiroud river. in the artificial propagation process of kutum, different factors are involved in quality and quantity of female broods eggs and also in the best temperature and migration time for spawning. the influence of ...

The synchrony of spawning is of paramount importance to successful coral reproduction. The precise timing of spawning is thought to be controlled by a set of interacting environmental factors, including regional wind field patterns, timing of the sunset, and sea surface temperatures (SST). Climate change is resulting in increased SST, which is causing physiological stress in corals and could al...

Although the reproductive behavior of yellow perch Perca flavescens has been well documented in small systems, relatively little is known about the spawning preferences of yellow perch in large systems, such as the Laurentian Great Lakes. During 2006 and 2007, we compared the presence and abundance adult yellow perch during the spring spawning season with environmental variables in the western ...

We studied interrelationships between initial egg size and biomass, duration of embryogenesis at different salinities, and initial larval biomass in an estuarine crab, Chasmagnathus granulata. Ovigerous females were maintained at three different salinities (15 per thousand, 20 per thousand and 32 per thousand); initial egg size (mean diameter), biomass (dry weight, carbon and nitrogen) as well ...

Biomass, as a renewable source of energy, can be used in many industries to reduce their dependence on fossil fuels. However, due to the significantly high and varied moisture content of biomass, its use has several drawbacks, such as low total efficiency and process instability. Drying biomass before combustion or gasification can eliminate these drawbacks. Besides these benefits, there ar...