Mandibular tooth root lengths, as measured on oblique-jaw radiographs, are systematically intercorrelated, with a declining "distance" gradient from adjacent teeth to those more remote in the dental arch (Garn etal., JDentRes 57:270, 1978). They also exhibit low-order positive correlations with the corresponding crown diameters, despite temporal differences in crown completion and completion of...

For any different odd primes ` and p, structure of constacyclic codes of length 2`p over the finite field Fq of characteritic p and their duals is established in term of their generator polynomials. Among other results, the characterization and enumeration of all linear complimentary dual and self-dual constacylic codes of length 2`p are obtained.

Environmental stresses are the most important factors that reduce plant growth in stages of development. The presence of aluminum in acidic soils as an environmental stress has an impact on different parts of the plant and reduces root growth, water absorption and nutrients and increases susceptibility to drought.  In order to evaluate the effect of aluminum stress levels on wheat at germinatio...

background: the aim of the present study was to investigate the quality of root canal obturation performed by 6th year undergraduate dental students at the dental school, university of mashhad, iran. materials and methods: a random 200 sample records of patients who received endodontic treatment at the dental school, university of mashhad between 2009 and 2010 was investigated. the quality of r...

This study evaluated the induction of hairy roots in Perovskia abrotanoides Karel, a medicinally important member of Lamiaceae family, using different strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes and various carbon supplies, for the first time. This research established an efficient Agrobacterium mediated transformation system for this plant species through bacterial strains including ATCC15834, TR105 a...

OBJECTIVE The purposes of this study were to determine the accuracy of crown and root length measurements of premolars using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to generate reference CBCT-based data on incisor, canine, and premolar lengths in patients with malocclusions. METHODS Imaging was performed using a CBCT scanner with a 0.292-mm voxel size and 12-bit grayscale. The CBCT-based len...

Root turnover is important to the global carbon budget as well as to nutrient cycling in ecosystems and to the success of individual plants. Our ability to predict the effects of environmental change on root turnover is limited by the difficulty of measuring root dynamics, but emerging evidence suggests that roots, like leaves, possess suites of interrelated traits that are linked to their life...