Within an expansion in slow-roll in ation parameters, we derive secondorder expressions relating the ratio of tensor to scalar density perturbations and the spectral index of the scalar spectrum. We nd that \corrections" to previously derived formulae can dominate if the tensor to scalar ratio is small. For instance, if V V 00=(V ) 6= 1 or if mP l=(4 ) jV 000=V j > 1, where V ( ) is the in aton...

Coastal marshes depend on belowground biomass of roots and rhizomes to contribute to peat and soil organic carbon, accrete soil and alleviate flooding as sea level rises. For nutrient-limited plants, eutrophication has either reduced or stimulated belowground biomass depending on plant biomass allocation response to fertilization. Within a freshwater wetland impoundment receiving minimal sedime...

Plant water stress can be detected via remote sensing. The objective of the study was to determine which leaf index is best for assessing content from laboratory standpoint. This investigated relationship between equivalent thicknesses (EWT), gravimetric (GWC), and plant concentration in 350- 2500-nm reflectance spectral range. A total 277 samples taken ten different plants were used as calibra...

In 2003 we addressed the issue of intercalibration of vegetation indices from different satellite-based optical sensor systems with differing spectral response functions in the visible and near-infrared bands (Steven et al., 2003). We used a database of spectroradiometric measurements made over a range of canopy densities, soils and foliage colours to simulate vegetation indices (NDVI, SAVI and...

Biomass can indicate plant growth status, so it is an important index for plant growth monitoring. This paper focused on the methodology of estimating the winter wheat biomass based on hyperspectral field data, including the LANDSAT TM and EOS MODIS images. In order to develop the method of retrieving the wheat biomass from remote sensed data, routine field measurements were initiated during pe...