The orbitofrontal fibrous dysplasia is a rare, non-malignant disease that involves the development and thickening of craniofacial bones, causing facial asymmetry, visual, neurological and dental complications. Decreased visual acuity in orbitofrontal and sphenoidal fibrous dysplasia appears as a result of compressive lesions on the optic nerve. The aim of this article is to present the ophthalm...

BACKGROUND Garcin syndrome, which consists of unilateral palsies of almost all cranial nerves without either sensory or motor long-tract disturbances or intracranial hypertension, can be caused by malignant tumors at the skull base. The case of a patient with lung cancer that metastasized to the sphenoid bone and resulted in Garcin syndrome is presented. CASE PRESENTATION A 76-year-old woman ...

INTRODUCTION When an expanded endonasal transsphenoidal surgical approach is performed, intrasphenoid septations must be completely resected. If these structures are close to the internal carotid artery (ICA), then their manipulation might cause vascular injury. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of intrasphenoid septations in the internal carotid artery protub...

Introduction  The sphenoid sinus (SS) has a high variability; its anatomical relations and variations must be well understood prior to the expanded endoscopic surgery (EES) at the skull base via the endonasal transsphenoidal approach. A feared complication is injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA). Objective  To evaluate the anatomic variations of the SS and its relationship to the ICA usi...

PURPOSE To evaluate the magnetic susceptibility effect on spin-echo MR images of the pituitary gland. METHODS Air-in-water phantom experiments and studies in normal volunteers were performed using various sampling bandwidth (8.3-33.3 kHz) spin-echo sequences with the polarity of the readout gradient normal or reversed. RESULTS Attachment of a sphenoid septum to the sellar floor was the majo...

OBJECTIVE Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is used to expand the maxilla and increase arch perimeter; yet, there are few reports on its effects on the sphenoid bone. With cone-beam computed topography (CBCT), it is possible to visualize sphenoid bone changes. The purpose of this study was to investigate sphenoid bone changes observed in conjunction with RME treatments, using CBCT. METHODS Sixt...

CONCLUSION Inflammatory diseases, such as non-specific sinusitis, fungal sinusitis and mucocele, commonly involve the sphenoid sinus. Endoscopic surgery provides an easy and successful access to isolated sphenoid sinus diseases (ISSDs) with rare complications. OBJECTIVES The incidence of ISSDs has decreased since a wide use of antibiotics. ISSDs can cause severe complications due to the deep ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The developing fetal skull base has previously been studied via dissection and low-resolution CT. Most of the central skull base develops from endochondral ossification through an intermediary chondrocranium. We traced the development of the normal fetal skull base by using plain radiography, MR imaging, and CT. METHODS Twenty-nine formalin-fixed fetal specimens ranging...