Dissolution of a solute molecule into a solvent necessitates the creation of a cavity devoid of solvent molecules. The cavity solvation free energy is exactly known at both very small and large length scales, but in between it can only be estimated by various approximations. Guided by simulation results for the solvation of small cavities and density functional theory, we analyze the size depen...

We present the results of an analytical theory and numerical simulations of microscopic fields in dipolar liquids. Fields within empty spherical cavities (cavity field) and within cavities with a probe dipole (directing field) and the field induced by a probe dipole in the surrounding liquid (reaction field) are considered. Instead of demanding the field produced by a liquid dielectric in a lar...

The prevailing structural paradigm for the aqueous electron is that of an s-like ground-state wave function that inhabits a quasi-spherical solvent cavity, a viewpoint that is supported by numerous atomistic simulations using various one-electron pseudopotential models. This conceptual picture has recently been challenged, however, on the basis of results obtained from a new electron-water pseu...

Sidles and Sigg have shown that advanced LIGO interferometers will encounter a serious tilt instability, in which symmetric tilts of the mirrors of an arm cavity cause the cavity’s light beam to slide sideways, so its radiation pressure exerts a torque that increases the tilt. Sidles and Sigg showed that the strength T of this torque is 26.2 times greater for advanced LIGO’s baseline cavities—n...

The problem of a spherical cavity which is embedded in a linear, fluid-infiltrated, elastic porous medium and which is subjected to the sudden quasi-static application of a stress at the cavity boundary is solved. It is demonstrated that the deformation of the cavity is homogeneous regardless of the boundary condition imposed on the pore fluid at the cavity wall. For the case in which the pore ...

We present a detailed study of the localized coupled-cavity modes in a photonic molecule formed from two dielectric spherical microcavities with CdTe nanocrystals, which show a multi-peak narrowband modal structure resulting from lifting of the mode degeneracy with respect to the azimuthal quantum number. The waveguiding through the coupled microcavities and wavelength switching effect is demon...

An idealized mathematical model was developed to study the effects of variations in conductive and geometric parameters on measured endocardial and intracavitary potentials. The model consists of a spherical multielectrode probe located eccentrically within a system of concentric spheres that represent a blood cavity, myocardium, lung region, and surface muscle layer. Solutions were found for e...

Coronary artery aneurysms are rare, with a prevalence that varies from 0.25% to 2.6% (1). A 35-year-old man without any medical history of cardiovascular disease was admitted with atypical chest pain. The first diagnostic hypothesis was pericarditis (2). On a routine transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), a spherical cavity-like mass that appeared to be an abscess with a thick wall opposed to the ...

We study the interaction of a seismic wave-field with a spherical acoustic gasor fluid-filled cavity. The intention of this study is to clarify whether seismic resonances can be expected, a characteristic feature, which may help detecting cavities in the subsurface. This is important for many applications, as in particular the detection of underground nuclear explosions which are to be prohibit...

We review recent developments of fast analytical methods for macroscopic electrostatic calculations in biological applications, including the Poisson-Boltzmann (PB) and the generalized Born models for electrostatic solvation energy. The focus is on analytical approaches for hybrid solvation models, especially the image charge method for a spherical cavity, and also the generalized Born theory a...