osteoporosis is the most common metabolic bone disease. in addition to morbidity, osteoporotic fractures also increase mortality risk in affected patients. enough evidence is not available to indicate that, like western countries, osteoporosis is a public health problem in iran. therefore emrc planned to estimate the burden of osteoporotic fractures in year 2001 based on existing sources of dat...

Study Designs: Questionnaire, Retrospective chart review, Cadaver study, and crosssectional study. Objectives: Assess current imaging practices; determine utility of accessory radiographic studies, including dynamic and oblique radiographs; calculate effective radiation doses of routine spine radiographs. Summary of Background Data: Plain radiography is generally considered the initial imaging ...

A cable model of the linear properties of dendritic spines was generated using the Laplace transform technique. Analytical solutions for the voltages generated in the spine by a current impulse at the spine head were used in a numerical procedure for simulating the effect of a synaptic conductance change. The synaptic current produced by the conductance change was used as an input for evaluatio...

Background and Aim: Neurofibromatosis-1(NF-1) is a common genetic condition in children. It is becoming increasingly recognized that in neurofibromatosis, there might be anomalous development of bone with or without any local anomaly of neuro-ectodermal basis. This review was conducted to highlight the different features of spinal disorders in this congenital disease. Methods and Materials: Di...

Lignans are a group of phenylpropanoid dimers in which the phenylpropane units linked by their propyl side chains' central carbon (C8). have various biological activities, including antiviral, anticancer, cancer preventive, and cytotoxic. Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC is tree with prickly branchlets belonging to genus, commonly known as panggal buaya Indonesia. Asian tribes used this plant trad...

Background: The back extensor muscles are the main spinal supportive factors which function establishes spinal stability and erect posture of the spine. Spine deviation from the ideal alignment, like abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the thoracic spine may cause changes in the trunk muscle activity which can lead to a change in the spinal proprioception. It seems that the corrected ...

We have examined a model by Holmes and Levy (1990) of the induction of associative long-term potentiation (LTP) by a rise in the free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+1) after synaptic activation of dendritic spines. The previously reported amplification of the change in [Ca2+l caused by coactivation of several synapses was found to be quite sensitive to changes in the permeability of the N-methyl-D-as...

a 19-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of back pain radiating to the lower extremities and paresthesis of the toes during the last year. plain x-ray revealed a large cauliflower shaped exophytic mass at the level of t8, t9 and t10 vertebrae. computed tomography (ct) and magnetic resonance imaging (mri) showed an abnormal bony mass arising from the posterior arch of t9 with protrusion...