We consider a systems market where two complementary components must be used in combination to provide valuable services. The market for the first component is monopolized whereas the market for the second is potentially served by multiple firms. We show that integration of the monopolist into the competitive complementary market may distort incentives for R&D, reducing total economic welfare. ...

Community Microgrid offers effective energy harvesting from distributed resources and efficient consumption by employing an management system (EMS). Therefore, the collaborative microgrids are essentially required to apply EMS, underlying operative control strategy in order provide system. An EMS is apt optimize operation of several points view. Optimal production planning, optimal demand-side ...

How did the Federal Reserve Bank react to the stock market bubble of the late 1990s? At a Symposium sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in Jackson Hole, Wyoming on August 30, 2002, Chairman Alan Greenspan remarked that economists do not currently have a way to measure a stock market bubble convincingly. He also argued that in the absence of such a measure, it was difficult for ...

he adjusted monetary base is an index that measures the effects on a central bank’s balance sheet of its open market operations, discount window lending, unsterilized foreign exchange market intervention, and changes in statutory reserve requirements. Such an index is important because the long-run path of a monetary economy’s price level is primarily determined by the path of the central bank’...

We develop a search-theoretic model of financial intermediation and use it to study how trading frictions affect the distribution of asset holdings, asset prices, efficiency, and standard measures of liquidity. A distinctive feature of our theory is that it allows for unrestricted asset holdings, so market participants can accommodate trading frictions by adjusting their asset positions. We sho...

Although brokers’ trading is endemic in securities markets, the form of this trading differs between markets. Whereas in some securities markets, brokers may trade with their customers in the same transaction (simultaneous dual trading or SDT), in other markets, brokers are only allowed to trade after their customers in a separate transaction (consecutive dual trading or CDT). We show theoretic...