Rare earth elements have been tested in control of plant diseases. Lanthanum (La) was the Alternaria solani (in vitro) and tomato early blight vivo) using concentration 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.4 0.8 g L-1. In vitro, were diluted V8 culture medium evaluated for mycelial growth rate index (MGRI) pathogen sporulation. vivo, 24 hours after application inoculate inoculation, leaflets collected quantification...

A wild-type strain of Streptomyces griseus forms spores both on solid media (aerial spores) and in liquid culture (submerged spores). Both spore types are highly resistant to sonication, but only aerial spores are resistant to lysozyme digestion. Electron micrographs suggest that lysozyme sensitivity may result from the thinner walls of the submerged spores. Studies of the life cycle indicate t...

Stage 0 sporulation (spo0) mutants of Bacillus subtilis are defective in the signal transduction system initiating sporulation. Two of the products of these genes, Spo0A and Spo0F, are related to response regulator components of two-component regulatory systems used to control environmental responses in bacteria. The Spo0F response regulator was found to be the primary substrate for phosphoryla...

We have used a single-gene deletion mutant bank to identify the genes required for meiosis and sporulation among 4323 nonessential Saccharomyces cerevisiae annotated open reading frames (ORFs). Three hundred thirty-four sporulation-essential genes were identified, including 78 novel ORFs and 115 known genes without previously described sporulation defects in the comprehensive Saccharomyces Geno...

The obg gene is part of the spo0B sporulation operon and codes for a GTP-binding protein which is essential for growth. A temperature-sensitive mutant in the obg gene was isolated and found to be the result of two closely linked missense mutations in the amino domain of Obg. Temperature shift experiments revealed that the mutant was able to continue cell division for 2 to 3 generations at the n...

Acetate utilization and macromolecule synthesis during sporulation (meiosis) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied. When diploid cells are transferred from glucose nutrient medium to acetate sporulation medium at early stationary phase, respiration of the exogenously supplied acetate proceeds without any apparent lag. At the completion of ascospore development, 62% of the acetate carbon cons...

In microbial communities, bacteria chemically and physically interact with one another. Some of these interactions are mediated by secreted specialized metabolites that act as either intraspecies or interspecies signals to alter gene expression and to change cell physiology. Bacillus subtilis is a well-characterized soil microbe that can differentiate into multiple cell types, including metabol...

Phenotypic loss is an important evolutionary force in nature but the mechanism(s) responsible for loss remains unclear. We used both simulation and multiple-regression approaches to analyze data on the loss of sporulation, a complex bacterial developmental process, during experimental evolution of Bacillus subtilis. Neutral processes of mutational degradation alone were sufficient to explain lo...