The first extensive study of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) characteristics and stability at Mercury is undertaken using MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) magnetometer data. Variations in IMF and solar wind conditions have a direct and rapid effect upon Mercury’s highly dynamic magnetosphere; hence, understanding of the time scales over which these v...

In this paper we explore the concept of antipodality relative to a closed convex cone K ⊂ IRd. The problem under consideration is that of finding a pair of unit vectors in K achieving the maximal angle of the cone. We mention also a few words on the attainability of critical angles. By way of application of the general theory, we briefly discuss the problem of estimating the radius of pointedne...

Calculation of lateral earth pressure on retaining walls is one of the main issues in geotechnics. The upper and lower bound theorems of plasticity are used to analyze the stability of geotechnical structures include bearing capacity of foundations, lateral earth pressure on retaining walls and factor of safety of slopes. In this paper formulation of finite element limit analysis is introduced ...

BACKGROUND Spray volume can influence the amount of free water on the leaf surface and subsequently the ability of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) to move. In this study, an investigation was made of the effect of spray volume (548, 730 and 1095 L ha(-1) ) on the deposition, viability and infectivity of EPNs against Galleria mellonella on savoy cabbage, cauliflower and leek. RESULTS Increas...

In Sliding Vane Rotary Compressors, as well as in most of positive displacement machines, the oil is injected to accomplish sealing and lubrication purposes. However, the oil injection could produce an additional outcome during the compression phase with a great saving potential from the energetic point of view. Being the air inside the cell at a higher temperature than the oil injected, a cool...

A numerical and experimental investigation was conducted to analyze dropwise evaporative cooling of heated surfaces with various wettability characteristics. The surface wettability was tuned by nanostructure modifications. Spray-cooling experiments on these surfaces show that surfaces with better wettability have better heat transfer rate and higher critical heat flux (CHF). Single droplet imp...

OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of two canals in relation to age and gender as well as role of shift cone angle radiographic technique in maxillary second premolar tooth. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY The study was conducted in Operative Department (Endodontic Department), Hamdard University Dental Hospital, Karachi, from January 2004 to February 2005. P...

Cryogen spray cooling allows removing large amounts of heat in short periods of time. Previous investigations have shown that stainless steel wire meshes placed between spray nozzle and target surfaces effectively increase uniformity in lateral heat extraction while reducing cooling efficiency. In this study we used phase Doppler particle analysis to assess the effect of a wire mesh on the diam...

A stable capillary liquid jet formed by an electric field is an important physical phenomenon for formation of controllable small droplets, power generation and chemical reactions, printing and patterning, and chemical-biological investigations. In electrohydrodynamics, the well-known Taylor cone-jet has a stability margin within a certain range of the liquid flow rate (Q) and the applied volta...