Phylogenies are fundamental to comparative biology as they help to identify independent events on which statistical tests rely. Two groups of phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) can be distinguished: those that take phylogenies into account by introducing explicit models of evolution and those that only consider phylogenies as a statistical constraint and aim at partitioning trait values in...

The current algorithms use either the full form or Schur decomposition of matrix in inverse scaling and squaring method to compute logarithm. consists two main calculations: taking a square root evaluating Padé approximants. In this work, we suggest using structure preserving iteration as an alternative Denman-Beavers for root. Numerical experiments show that while preserves Hamiltonian logarit...

Release properties from a wax matrix tablet was examined. To obtain basic release properties, the wax matrix tablet was prepared from a physical mixture of drug and wax powder (hydrogenated caster oil) at a fixed mixing ratio. Properties of release from the single flat-faced surface or curved side surface of the wax matrix tablet were examined. The applicability of the square-root time law and ...

We propose a matrix approach to the computation of Battle-Lemari e's wavelets. Since the Fourier transform of the scaling function is the product of the inverse F(x) of a square root of a positive trigonometric polynomial and the Fourier transform of a b-spline of order m. The polynomial is the symbol of an bi-innnite matrix B associated with b-spline of order 2m. We approximate B 2m by its nit...

excessive alveolar bone resorption is commonly found when teeth are extracted. this is a problem in anterior part of mouth because it will result in an unaesthetic pontic on a narrow hollowed out alveolar ridge. yet, another problem is gingival recession and root exposure in adjacent teeth which represent a therapeutic problem to the clinician. use of acellular dermal matrix graft is an appropr...

The Wiener-Kolmogorov (WK) signal extraction filter, extended to handle nonstationary signal and noise, has minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) among filters that preserve the signal’s initial values; however, the stochastic dynamics of the signal estimate typically differ substantially from that of the target. The use of such filters, although widespread, is observed to produce dips in the spectru...