OBJECTIVE This study aims to establish a steady-state visual evoked potential- (SSVEP-) based passive training protocol on an ankle rehabilitation robot and validate its feasibility. METHOD This paper combines SSVEP signals and the virtual reality circumstance through constructing information transmission loops between brains and ankle robots. The robot can judge motion intentions of subjects...

Electroencephalograph (EEG) has been widely applied for brain-computer interface (BCI) which enables paralyzed people to directly communicate with and control external devices, due its portability, high temporal resolution, ease of use low cost. Of various EEG paradigms, steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based BCI system uses multiple stimuli (such as LEDs or boxes on a computer scre...

The application of the brain-computer interface (BCI) is massively helpful and advantageous for disabled people. Moreover, BCI an arrangement software hardware that provides a direct interaction between human brain computer devices. Therefore, in this article, A steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based system presented to identify SSVEP components from multi-channel electroencephalogr...

Among various types of brain computer interfaces (BCIs), steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCIs can provide high information transfer rate (ITR), however the users could suffer serious fatigue that may induce discomfort, health hazards and deterioration system performance. To overcome obstacle, first step is to detect accurately, reliably quickly. This paper proposes an appro...

Associating intentions to events that cue future behaviors is a central aspect of human cognition. There is limited understanding of the neural dynamics supporting recognition of intention-related events, with little known about how pre-event brain state varies as a function of intention specificity. Prior to recognized events (that cued planned behavior) occurring during an unrelated activity,...

Face processing can be explored using electrophysiological methods. Research with event-related potentials has demonstrated the so-called face inversion effect, in which the N170 component is enhanced in amplitude and latency to inverted, compared to upright, faces. The present study explored the extent to which repetitive lower-level visual cortical engagement, reflected in flicker steady-stat...

In human social interactions, facial emotional expressions are a crucial source of information. Repeatedly presented information typically leads to an adaptation of neural responses. However, processing seems sustained with emotional facial expressions. Therefore, we tested whether sustained processing of emotional expressions, especially threat-related expressions, would attenuate neural adapt...

Allocation of processing resources to emotional picture stimuli was examined using steady-state visual evoked brain potentials (ssVEPs). Participants viewed a set of 60 colored affective pictures from the International Affective Picture System, presented in a flickering mode at 10 Hz in order to elicit ssVEPs. Phase and amplitude of the 10-Hz ssVEP were examined for six picture categories: thre...

Brain computer interfaces (BCI) that use the steady-statevisual-evoked-potential (SSVEP) as neural source, offer two main advantages over other types of BCIs: shorter calibration times and higher information transfer rates. SSVEPs elicited by high frequency (larger than 30 Hz) repetitive visual stimulation are less prone to cause visual fatigue, safer, and more comfortable for the user. However...