Under contingent fees the attorney gets a share of the judgement; under conditional fees the lawyer gets an upscale premium if the case is won which is, however, unrelated to the adjudicated amount. We compare conditional and contingent fees in a principal-agent framework where the lawyer chooses unobservable effort after she has observed the amount at stake. Contingent fees provide better ince...

The aim of this paper is to describe, analyze, and discuss how Swedish schools the national tests in schools, university teaching examination, college admissions test, Scholastic Aptitude Test (SweSAT), have been affected by COVID-19 situation. A further challenges universities test process Sweden which are due Contrary many other countries, remained open, except for upper secondary school wher...

This paper examines whether parimutuels can hedge risk-averse people against catastrophic losses. Two optimal stake choice models are constructed. In the first model, where stakes of other players are exogenous, the dynamic optimal hedge is obtained. In the second model, the equilibrium of stake is derived by maximizing the representative agent’s expected utility. Given no transaction cost, par...