Stamping technique is known in one of the methods decorating on fabric. In method ornamentation leather products also stamping technique. But there a difference between two, namely process and end result. fabric uses color substances while skin does not use color. The purpose this study to combine two techniques media. using These ornaments are used decorate products, especially bags. This rese...

Microtubules contribute to diverse cellular processes through balancing dynamic, short-lived and stable, long-lived populations. One way in which long-lived microtubules are marked is by posttranslational acetylation of α-tubulin by tubulin acetyltransferase (TAT). Szyk et al. now provide insight into TAT's mechanism of action and its unique time-stamping ability.

This paper describes a simple candidate one-way hash function which satisfies a quasi-commutative property that allows it to be used aa an accumulator. This property allows protocols to be developed in which the need for a trusted central authority can be eliminated. Spaceefficient distributed protocols are given for document time stamping and for membership testing, and many other applications...

The recent resurgence of interest in photopolymers for commercial holograms is a strong incentive for development of photopolymers that are as environmentally friendly as possible. Photopolymer materials consist of a light-sensitive film which is exposed during production to form the hologram, thereby offering versatility well beyond that of current security holograms, which are mass produced f...

Empirical observations and theoretical studies suggest that viruses may use different replication strategies to amplify their genomes, which impact the dynamics of mutation accumulation in viral populations and therefore, their fitness and virulence. Similarly, during natural infections, viruses replicate and infect cells that are rarely in suspension but spatially organized. Surprisingly, most...

This paper shows that the scheme described in Haber and Stornetta [Haber and Stornetta Jr., 1994] for extending the validity of a cryptographic timestamp for a Time Stamping Service contains security shortcomings. A modification is proposed to rectify the identified shortcomings.