1. The extracellular enzymes present in the culture filtrates of Coniophora cerebella grown on various carbohydrate carbon sources were investigated. Enzymes that degraded cellulose derivatives, hemicellulose fractions, starch, laminarin, pectin and several oligosaccharides were detected. 2. All the polysaccharide-degrading activities were adaptive except for that acting on laminarin. 3. The cu...

Conversion of Glucose to Ethanol In the U.S., corn is the predominant source of starch (glucose) used to produce ethanol. With the exception of sugar cane, corn provides the highest ethanol yields compared to any other feedstock being used (Table 2). However, research is underway to develop methods to convert carbohydrates from cellulosic feedstocks such as softwood (Arwa et al., 2005), non-sta...

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) inhibition emerges as an effective means for probing gene function in plant cells. Employing this method we have established the importance of the SUSIBA2 transcription factor for regulation of starch synthesis in barley endosperm, and arrived at a model for the role of the SUSIBAs in sugar signaling and source-sink commutation during cereal endosperm develo...

Generally, dietary fibre (DF) includes lignin, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starch (RS). In monogastric species, low levels of dietary fibre in the diet are associated with various diseases and high levels reduce nutrient digestibilities. In this study, the effects of different types and levels of NSP (soluble: β-glucan, insoluble cellulose) and resistant starch on mucin secre...

The control of photosynthetic starch/sucrose formation in leaves of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) cultivars was studied in relation to stage of plant development, photosynthetic photoperiod, and nitrogen source. At each sampling, leaf tissue was analyzed for starch content, activities of sucrose-metabolizing enzymes, and labeling of starch and sucrose (by (14)CO(2) assimilation) in isolated ce...

Starch and plant or animal proteins represent a rich source that can be used for fortifying meat products. The present study aimed to analyze how the different additives (soy protein isolate, chickpea flour, lupine concentrate, sodium caseinate starch, in 2% concentration) influence rheological properties of beef emulsions gels, cooking losses texture finished Rheological parameters G’ (storage...

ADPglucose (ADPGlc) is the substrate for starch synthesis in the plastids of higher plants. The glucosyl moiety is used by starch synthases to elongate the glucans that comprise starch. Recently, there has been renewed debate about the ADPGlc synthesis, with the widely accepted or classical pathway questioned and a controversial new pathway proposed. Published experimental results are not entir...

ADPglucose (ADPGlc) is the substrate for starch synthesis in the plastids of higher plants. The glucosyl moiety is used by starch synthases to elongate the glucans that comprise starch. Recently, there has been renewed debate about the ADPGlc synthesis, with the widely accepted or classical pathway questioned and a controversial new pathway proposed. Published experimental results are not entir...

Carbon (C) allocation strongly influences plant and soil processes. Short-term C allocation dynamics in ecosystems and their responses to environmental changes are still poorly understood. Using in situ (13) CO(2) pulse labeling, we studied the effects of 1 wk of shading on the transfer of recent photoassimilates between sugars and starch of above- and belowground plant organs and to soil micro...