Previous studies suggest that the blood pressure response to static contraction is greater than that caused by dynamic exercise. In anesthetized cats, however, pressor responses to electrically induced static and dynamic contraction of the same muscle group are similar during equivalent workloads and peak tension development [i.e., similar tension-time index (TTI)]. To determine if the same rel...

The purpose of t his study was to investigate the acute effects of pre-exercise static and dynamic stretching on peak torque of the knee extensors in female athletes and non-athletes. Thirty subjects (15 athletes and 15 nonathletes) completed three tests on an isokinetic dynamometer. After performing a randomly assigned preexercise stretching protocol (no stret ching, static or dynamic) the sub...

STATIC EXERCISE INCREASES mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and ventilation. Central command and the exercise pressor reflex are the two neural mechanisms causing these responses to static exercise. Central command is defined as the parallel activation of the locomotor and autonomic circuits in the central nervous system that simultaneously increase motor activity as well as arterial pressure...

[Purpose] The present study sought to investigate the influence on static and dynamic lumbar stability of bridge exercise accompanied by an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) performed on an uneven support surface. [Subjects] A total of 30 participants were divided into an experimental group (15 participants) and a control group (15 participants). [Methods] The experimental group performed br...

Balance ability decreases with age, which results in an increased risk of falls for people over age 65. Tai Chi exercise appears to offer potential benefits in the reduction of falls for the elderly. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of extended (6- and 12-month) Tai Chi exercise interventions on balance and selected motor functions for senior citizens. Forty-seven sub...

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to examine the effect of trunk stability exercise and combined exercise program on pain, flexibility, and static balance in chronic low back pain patients. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty persons diagnosed with chronic low back pain were divided into a trunk stability exercise group and a combined exercise group and then conducted exercise for six weeks. [Resul...

Animal experiments suggest that an increase in sympathetic outflow can depress muscle spindle sensitivity and thus modulate the stretch reflex response. The results are, however, controversial, and human studies have failed to demonstrate a direct influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the sensitivity of muscle spindles. We studied the effect of increased sympathetic outflow on the shor...

[Purpose] This study determined the effects of passive static stretching on blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. [Subjects] Fifteen patients (8 males and 7 females) with type 2 diabetes were recruited and randomly assigned to the control group or passive static stretching group. [Methods] Glycated hemoglobin was measured before and after the 8-week training period. [Results] G...

Background Lung hyperinflation and exercise intolerance are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their relationship remains uncertain. A combined analysis of two placebo-controlled, randomized studies examined the effects of the long-acting muscarinic antagonist umeclidinium (UMEC) and long-acting β2-agonist vilanterol (VI) separately and in combination on static ...

Adrenomedullin (ADM), the product of the vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and cardiomyocytes, is considered to be a local factor controlling vascular tone, cardiac contractility and renal sodium excretion. The aim of this article was to review the existing data on the effect of different types of exercise on plasma ADM concentration in healthy men. The results of studies on the eff...