(Speotyto cuniculuria) to a moving object when the object did and did not cast a conspicuous shadow. We used a single Burrowing Owl for all tests. It was trapped about 5 km north of Davis, Yolo County, California. We chose this species because it is easily trapped and because it often feeds nocturnally upon terrestrial prey, including rodents, and therefore may exploit shadow cues (Thomsen, Con...

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of finite element method in predicting cutting temperature carbide inserted tool. A three-factor Box-Behnken design, making seventeen tests a cylindrical mild steel bar with 200 mm length by von mises diameter was employed to numerical and experimental predictions. The data obtained from tool compared statistically analyzed using reliability plots. On c...

Traditional design of ship structures relies on a combination of experience, sound judgment, and deterministic approaches and typically ignores the potential for design improvement and other benefits offered through the use of reliability methods and structural optimization strategies. Part I of this article outlines the underlying theories involved in incorporating reliability methods and stru...

objectives : optimum viewing conditions facilitate identification of radiographic details and decrease the need for retakes, patients’ costs and radiation dose. this study sought to evaluate the effects of different viewing conditions on radiographic interpretation. materials and methods: this diagnostic study was performed by evaluating radiograph of a 7mm-thick aluminum block, in which 10 hol...

Heat-flow and thermal-stress models of continuous steel slab casting are calibrated with detailed measurements of a breakout and applied to predict longitudinal off-corner crack formation. First, a fluid mass balance is applied together with the measured slide-gate position, mold level, casting speed histories to reconstruct the transient events that occurred during the breakout, including the ...