Various forms of feedback are used in formative assessment and interactive learning environments. The effects of different types of feedback are often examined at a group level. However, effective feedback may differ in learners with different characteristics or between learners at different stages in the learning process. In this paper explanatory item response theory (IRT) models are used to ...

A thick Z2 -symmetric domain wall supported by a scalar field with an arbitrary potential V (φ) in 5D general relativity is considered as a candidate brane world. We show that, under the global regularity requirement, such a configuration (i) has always an AdS asymptotic far from the brane, (ii) is only possible if V (φ) has an alternating sign and (ii) V (φ) satisfies a certain fine-tuning typ...

The diagnoses of many diseases have become increasingly complex. Many results, obtained from tests with substantial imperfections , must be integrated into a diagnostic conclusion about the probability of disease in a given patient. A practical approach to this problem is to estimate the pretest probability of disease, and the sensitivity and speciicity of diierent diagnostic tests. With this i...

Genital warts or venereal warts are the most common sexually-transmitted disease caused by the non-oncogenic human papilomavirus (HPV) [1]. Genital warts are highly contagious and sexual contact should be avoided when genital warts are present. Canadians, especially younger Canadians, perceive genital warts with a fair degree of social stigma and genital warts have a negative impact on their ps...

Previous research has shown sketching to be useful to students solving math problems. The present study examines which aspects of middle school students’ sketching are related to, or predict, successfully answering math problems. The effects of individual differences in cognitive factors – working memory, spatial ability, and prior math knowledge – on answer accuracy are also analyzed. Stepwise...

The foundations of the eld of behavioral speci cation have matured. So, case studies are the important current topics of this eld. In our previous work, we built the behavioral speci cation of the Automated Teller Machine (ATM) system by using object composition and observable projection operators. From this experience, we noticed that this approach had the following problems: there was no good...

This paper presents how communication exploration can be done in a design process of distributed embedded systems. Distributed embedded systems involve various communication categories such as event-triggered and time-triggered communication. Therefore, communication exploration is as important as architecture exploration. A design process begins from abstract specification without assuming any...

This study presents a conceptual model that combines perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, innovativeness, trust, demographic characteristics and relationship drivers in order to examine their influence on the mobile services’ adoption intention. The proposed model is empirically tested using data collected from a survey with questionnaires conducted in Greece. The results are analyzed t...

This paper presents a comtmtational model of incremental utterance production in task-oriented dialogues. This model incrementally produces utterantes to propose the solution of a given problem, while simultaneously solving the problem in a stepwise manner. Even when the solution has been partially determined, this model starts utterances to satisfy time constraints where pauses in mid-utteranc...

The Partial Credit Model (PCM) is sometimes interpreted as a model for stepwise solution of polytomously scored items, where the item parameters are interpreted as difficulties of the steps. It is argued that this interpretation is not justified. A model for stepwise solution is discussed. It is shown that the PCM is suited to model sums of binary responses which are not supposed to be stochast...