Scorpion stings are a public health problem in south and southwest Iran. There is little information regarding climatological effects on incidence of scorpion stings in Iran. Therefore, the present systemic survey of scorpion sting data was conducted from the point of view of entomo-meteorological relationships and analyzed statistically for the Dezful area in Khuzestan, southwest of Iran. The ...

We report on a 33-year-old female patient with indolent systemic mastocytosis and urticaria pigmentosa who died of an anaphylactic reaction after a yellow jacket sting. As she had no history of previous anaphylactic sting reaction, there was no testing performed in order to detect hymenoptera venom sensitization. But even if a sensitization had been diagnosed, no venom immunotherapy (VIT) would...

Autoimmune disorders constitute a major and growing health concern. However, the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to or exacerbate disease symptoms remain unclear. Type I interferons (IFNs) are known to break immune tolerance and be elevated in the serum of patients with autoimmune diseases such as lupus. Extensive work over the past decade has characterized the role of a prote...

Cyclic GMP-AMP containing a unique combination of mixed phosphodiester linkages (2'3'-cGAMP) is an endogenous second messenger molecule that activates the type-I IFN pathway upon binding to the homodimer of the adaptor protein STING on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum membrane. However, the preferential binding of the asymmetric ligand 2'3'-cGAMP to the symmetric dimer of STING represents a...

Introduction In 2000 the World Health Organization reported that in the USA there were 54 deaths attributed to bee stings from a population of 281 million. Only 0.4% of the population is allergic to stings. First line treatment of stings is Epinephrine best delivered when anaphylactic symptoms are first noted. In the spring of 2012 two males were stung in Windsor Essex County resulting cardiac ...

Aberrant STING and Interferon (IFN) signaling are hallmarks of SLE, a female-biased disease, where amplified type I IFN responses by keratinocytes (KCs) lead to increased Stimulated Genes (ISGs) expression. Here we show that HERC6, which encodes for an E3 ubiquitin ligase, with unknown role in the skin, is induced basal layer human SLE epidermis coinciding marked decrease number sex-biased gene...

Background: In our 1976 controlled venom immunotherapy trial, 33% of 182 patients with a history of systemic reactions to insect stings were excluded because of negative venom skin test responses. There have been reports of patients with negative skin test responses who have had severe reactions to subsequent stings. Objective: Our aim is to increase awareness about the patient with a negative ...

Targeted protein upregulation by modulating the interaction between a target and its E3 ligase is strategy opposite to targeted degradation (PROTAC). In their Research Article (e202300978), Dong-Sup Lee, Seung Bum Park enhanced cellular STING levels inhibiting STING-TRIM29 interaction, which activates innate immune responses in tumor microenvironment potentiates immune-oncology treatment changi...