Scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) are used extensively for studying and manipulating matter at the atomic scale. In spite of the critical role of the STM tip, procedures for controlling the atomic-scale shape of STM tips have not been rigorously justified. Here, we present a method for preparing tips in situ while ensuring the crystalline structure and a reproducibly prepared tip structure u...

Density functional calculations are performed to identify features observed in STM experiments after phosphine (PH3) dosing of the Si(001) surface. On the basis of a comprehensive survey of possible structures, energetics, and simulated STM images, three prominent STM features are assigned to structures containing surface bound PH2, PH, and P, respectively. Collectively, the assigned features o...

We consider a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) such that tunneling occurs through two atomically sharp protrusions on its tip. When the two protrusions are separated by at least several atomic spacings, the differential conductance of this STM depends on the electronic transport in the sample between the protrusions. Such two-protrusion tips commonly occur during STM tip preparation. We expl...

In commercial maize, there are at least two different alleles of the chiA gene that encode alloforms of ChitA chitinase, a protein that is abundant in developing seed. Both known alloforms are modified by Bz-cmp, a chitinase-modifying protein (cmp) secreted by the fungal pathogen Bipolaris zeicola. One alloform (ChitA-B73) is also modified by Stm-cmp, a protein secreted by the fungal pathogen S...

the adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (2-mbi) on au(111) has been studied withcyclic voltammetry (cv), in-situ subtractively normalised interfacial ft-ir spectroscopy (sniftirs)and scanning tunnelling microscopy (stm). although adsorbed 2-mbi reduces the interfacial capacityand quenches the characteristic features of the cyclic voltammogram for sulfate adsorption,heterogeneous electron tran...

Software transactional memory (STM) is a new approach for coordinating concurrent threads, for which many different implementation strategies are currently being researched. In this paper we show that if a language implementation provides reflective access to explicit memory locations, it becomes straightforward to both (a) build an STM framework for this language and (b) to implement STM algor...

Sesquiterpene lactones have long been used in traditional Chinese medicines to treat inflammatory diseases. Recently, sesquiterpene lactone family compounds have been recognized as potential anticancer agents. Thus, it is necessary to explore new sesquiterpene lactones and their antitumor mechanism for cancer treatments. In the present study, we have explored the potential anti-cancer activity ...

Podostemaceae (the river weeds) are ecologically and morphologically unusual angiosperms. The subfamily Tristichoideae has typical shoot apical meristems (SAMs) that produce leaves, but Podostemoideae is devoid of SAMs and new leaves arise below the base of older leaves. To reveal the genetic basis for the evolution of novel shoot organogenesis in Podostemaceae, we examined the expression patte...

Short-term memory (STM) has generally been thought to be independent of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) in contrast to long-term memory (LTM). Prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a condition in which the MTL is a major early focus of pathology and LTM is thought disproportionately affected relative to STM. However, recent studies have suggested a role for the MTL in STM, particularly hippocamp...

Previous studies have reported elevated serum soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) concentrations in acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE), but no study has evaluated the relationship between the serum sTM concentration and prognosis. In the present study we investigated the correlation between the serum sTM concentration on admission and the duration of oxygen supplementation in patients admitted to ...