The ability to dynamically probe single enzymes allows the experimental investigation of enzyme kinetics with unprecedented resolution. In this paper we develop a simple theory which predicts that certain classes of enzyme pathways can be distinguished by studying the turnover rate, V , as a function of substrate concentration, [S]. In particular, we study the steady state of a single enzyme in...

there are dierent ways to code the geodesic flows on surfaces with negative curvature. such code spaces give a useful tool to verify the dynamical properties of geodesic flows. here we consider special subspaces of geodesic flows on hecke surface whose arithmetic codings varies on a set with innite alphabet. then we will compare the topological complexity of them by computing their topologica...

A frequent challenge for wind energy applications is to grasp the impacts of turbulent wind fields properly. The wind turbine power performance curve, usually determined applying the IEC standard 61400-12, provides a functional relation between the measured wind speed u and the corresponding power output P of the turbine. But it is not sufficient to describe the actual dynamics of the power out...

in this paper, a high-order and conditionally stable stochastic difference scheme is proposed for the numerical solution of $rm ithat{o}$ stochastic advection diffusion equation with one dimensional white noise process. we applied a finite difference approximation of fourth-order for discretizing space spatial derivative of this equation. the main properties of deterministic difference schemes,...

in this paper, a stochastic two-stage model is offered for optimization of the day-ahead scheduling of the microgrid. system uncertainties including dispatchable distributed generation and energy storage contingencies are considered in the stochastic model. for handling uncertainties, monte carlo simulation is employed for generation several scenarios and then a reduction method is used to d...

The theory of n-fold integer programming has been recently emerging as an important tool in parameterized complexity. The input to an n-fold integer program (IP) consists of parameter A, dimension n, and numerical data of binary encoding length L. It was known for some time that such programs can be solved in polynomial time using O(ng(A)L) arithmetic operations where g is an exponential functi...

The nonlinear solvers in numerical solution of water flow in variably saturated soils are prone to convergence difficulties. Many aspects can give rise to such difficulties, like very dry initial conditions, a steep pressure gradient and great variation of hydraulic conductivity occur across the wetting front during the infiltration of water.  So, the averaging method applied to compute hydraul...

The publication of turbo codes in 1993 proved that there were error-correcting codes with performance close to the theoretical limit and which can be used in industrial products. Quickly, turbo codes have been adopted in several standards such as DVB-RCS, UMTS, CDMA2000 and 3GPP-LTE. The increasing demand for high throughput applications in broadband applications until 1 Gb/s and beyond is stro...