Global awareness of the climate change risks draws society’s attention to issues financing environmentally friendly projects. In this context, green bonds are a new financial instrument used exclusively for A wide range issuers, from small firms international corporations, can use raise funds recent years, market has been developing rapidly in world. Financing recovery Ukraine after Russian inv...

Despite the fact that scientific literature pays considerable attention to ensuring investment attractiveness of national corporate bond markets based on macro-environmental factors, as well individual companies – micro-environmental issue optimizing characteristics bonds in prospectus remains insufficiently disclosed. However, coupon rate, price and maturity are basic indicators investors take...

Individuals receiving monthly benefits through the U.S. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) often fall short of food at the end of the month and some report feelings of hunger. To investigate this situation, we used time diaries from the 2006-08 American Time Use Survey and Eating & Health Module to identify the timing of days where respondents reported no eating occurrences. Analy...

This paper proposes a macroeconomic model with financial intermediaries (banks), in which banks face occasionally binding leverage constraints and may endogenously affect the strength of their balance sheets by issuing new equity. The model can account for occasional financial crises as a result of the nonlinearity induced by the constraint. Banks’ precautionary equity issuance makes financial ...

The theory of monetary disequilibrium, as espoused by Selgin (1988), White (1989), Horwitz (2000), and others, has been used to justify the issuance of fiduciary media under a system of fractional reserve “free” banking. The present paper examines this monetary disequilibrium theory and concludes that it contains numerous errors and logical fallacies. The foundational economic argument in favor...

This paper brings out a mathematical model of information for its auto-adjusting when issued in different hardware environment from a hierarchical perspective, discusses possible solutions to the construction of the model, and gives two implementations of algorithms for solutions together with their complexity analysis.