up to date, there are four pharmacologically characterized subtypes of muscarinic receptors (m1, m2, m3 and m4). in our study we have investigated muscarinic receptor subtypes in smooth muscle layers of human stomach. isolated preparations of longitudinal and circular muscle layers from human stomach were used. acetylcholine, bethanechol, carbachol, pilocarpine and ahr -602 produced concentrati...

nucleolar organizer regions (nor) are defined as nucleolar components containing a set of argyrophilic proteins which are selectively stained by colloidal silver nitrate staining. although studies have shown that the number of nor dots or particles is directly related to the rapidity of cell proliferation in cancer cells, prognostic or diagnostic value of nor remains controversial. the aim of t...

fibrovascular polyps are rare, pedunculated, tumor-like lesions that are usually found in the esophagus; occurrence in the stomach is very rare. to our knowledge, sonographic and ct findings of a fibrovascular polyp in the stomach have never been reported. here, we report a case of a fibrovascular polyp that was identified in the gastric antrum and prolapsed into the duodenal bulb. sonography r...

To evaluate the gastroprotective and antioxidant effects of pretreatment with water kefir on ulcers induced HCl/ethanol. All pretreatments lasted 14 days. Male mice were separated into five groups: control (C) group received vehicle without ulcer induction; ulcerated (U) vehicle; lansoprazole (L) 30 mg/kg/day lansoprazole; (WK15 WK30) groups WK at a dose 0.15 or 0.30 ml/kg/day, respectively. Ga...

In laparoscopic surgery for colorectal and gastric cancer, it is difficult to locate the tumor in cavity excision. Tumors colon or stomach are blocked by mucous membranes; thus, view from obscured. Therefore, determine location of tumor, a marker can be installed around found using sensor. Until now, most clip-detectors that have been developed detect tumors either cancer. The research on devel...