Social referencing is a process whereby an individual uses the emotional information provided by an informant about a novel object/stimulus to guide his/her own future behaviour towards it. In this study adult dogs were tested in a social referencing paradigm involving a potentially scary object with either their owner or a stranger acting as the informant and delivering either a positive or ne...

Gonadectomy is widely used to treat and prevent behavior problems including the aggressive behavior of dogs. The aim of this study was to determine whether aggressive behavior toward familiar people, strangers, or other dogs was significantly different in dogs gonadectomized at various ages vs. intact dogs using the Canine Behavioral Assessment Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ) with multivariate ...

According to some moral theories, the gains and losses for different individuals are combined and balanced in order to judge the rightness and wrongness of an act. I call this interpersonal aggregation, or aggregation for short. According to aggregative moral theories, the disvalue of imposing heavy burdens on some limited number of people will always be justified by the fact that this brought ...

The effort to satisfy someone else’s face wants is referred as a politeness strategy in linguistics. These strategies are used everyday communication. Aside from using daily life dialogues, can also be seen films. object of this study the script short film on Netflix entitled Two Distant Strangers. There three key characters which Carter, Merk, and Perri. This research aims discover types utili...

Questions of similarity and dissimilarity are central to both the study and practice of intellectual property law. Trademark law’s basic consideration in determinations of infringement is consumer confusion. Similarity of marks is a basic measure of the likelihood of confusion and the concept of confusion itself – the misidentification of one object with another – is, in some ways, a very basic...

We study the development of a social norm of trust and reciprocity via the contagious strategy as de ned in Kandori (1992) among a group of strangers. The players anonymously and randomly meet each other and play a binary trust game in the in nite horizon. In order to provide the investors with proper incentives to follow the contagious strategy, the su cient condition requires that there exist...

Attributes can be used to recognize unseen objects from a textual description. Their learning is oftentimes accomplished with a large amount of annotations, e.g. around 160k-180k, but what happens if for a given attribute, we do not have many annotations? The standard approach would be to perform transfer learning, where we use source models trained on other attributes, to learn a separate targ...