Tetraaza Macrocyclic complexes of transition metals of Ni (II), Cu(II), Cr(III), Fe(III), Mn(II) were synthesized in methanolic media by template method. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, UVVis, Infrared spectroscopy. In vitro antibacterial activity of macrocyclic complexes against five bacteria i.e. Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococ...

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus isolates were exposed to subinhibitory MICs of ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, clinafloxacin, and gemifloxacin during a 10-day period. Subculturing led to resistance development, regardless of the initial potencies of the quinolones. None of the quinolones was associated with a significantly slo...

The genus Streptococcus includes a heterogeneous group of different Gram positive species (>30) that are identified on Gram stain by their spherical or ovoid shape and their tendency to grow in pairs and chains. They are nonmotile, non-spore forming, and mostly facultatively anaerobic. Streptococci are a heterogeneous group that includes a variety of species capable of causing a diverse array o...

Pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and is also a starting point for invasive S. pyogenes infection. Here, we describe that tonsil fluid from patients with streptococcal pharyngitis contains high amounts of the interferon (IFN)-dependent CXC chemokine known as monokine induced by IFN- gamma (MIG)/CXCL9. Also in vitro, inflamed ph...

Beta-hemolytic group C and G streptococci cause a considerable invasive disease burden and sometimes cause disease outbreaks. Little is known about the critical epidemiologic parameter of genetic relatedness between isolates. We determined the emm types of 334 Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolates, and attempted emm typing of 5 Streptococcus canis isolates from a recent populat...

Recent studies have shown that activation of complement and contact systems results in the generation of antibacterial peptides. Streptococcus pyogenes, a major bacterial pathogen in humans, exists in >100 different serotypes due to sequence variation in the surface-associated M protein. Cases of invasive and life-threatening S. pyogenes infections are commonly associated with isolates of the M...

Streptococcus pyogenes is a globally prominent bacterial pathogen that exhibits strict tropism for the human host, yet bacterial factors responsible for the ability of S. pyogenes to compete within this limited biological niche are not well understood. Using an engineered recombinase-based in vivo expression technology (RIVET) system, we identified an in vivo-induced promoter region upstream of...

A Gram-negative streptococcus is associated with one form of fatal septicemia arising naturally in Macacus rhesus confined in laboratories. This streptococcus differs from Streptococcus pyogenes in its behavior to Gram's method of staining; in its slight fermentative powers; in the persistence of vitality for a very long time in its cultures; in its high degree of pathogenicity for certain lowe...