multiple-choice tests are the most common type of tests used to evaluate medical education.  these tests have long been used in the written format for specialized boards and residency promotion tests in iran and kermanshah university of medical sciences (kums), as well (1). multiple-choice tests are being analyzed using quanti­tative method (test level, difficulty level and discrim­ination leve...

background : schizophrenia is a serious, chronic, and often debilitating neuropsychiatric disor­der. its causes are still poorly understood. besides genetic and non-genetic (environmental) fac­tors are thought to be important as the cause of the structural and functional deficits that character­ize schizophrenia. this study aimed to compare toxoplasma gondii infection between schizo­phrenia pat...

researchers of language teaching believe that teaching method has a lot of impact on the speed and depth of learning. the importance of this is so obvious on teaching some persian language structures which are syntactically and semantically complicated. one of these structures is conditional sentences which has been considered in this study. here we tried to teach conditional sentences via both...

a bstrac t   background: organizational and structural obstacles are a group of major obstacles in achievement of appropriate family planning counseling. detection of these obstacles from the viewpoint of managers, staffs and clients who are key members in health services providing system is a major step toward appropriate planning to modify or delete this group of obstacles. the present study ...

This paper presents a suitable and quick way to choose earthquake records in non-linear dynamic analysis using optimization methods. In addition, these earthquake records are scaled. Therefore, structural responses of three different soil-frame models were examined, the change in maximum displacement of roof was analyzed and the damage index of whole structures was measured. The soil classifica...

Background: Non-organizational or non-occupational factors are among the most important risk factors that significantly influence the emergence of occupational accidents. This study aimed to investigate the association between non-organizational factors and occupational accidents. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study the structural equation modeling was applied on the data that was...

nima yooshij applied various techniques in order to describe diverse poetic subjects. this research deals with analysing the usage of these expressive techniques from two perspectives - poetic and structural. nima applied structural expressive techniques more often than poetic expressive techniques in order to describe various poetic subjects. these techniques include adjectives, adverbs, adjec...

We expose a new approach to tackle non-structural subtyping problems. We introduce uniform subtyping as a means to capture some properties of non-structural subtyping. In the uniform theory, we show that the validity of a first-order sentence is decidable, and entailment is PSPACEhard. In addition, we give decidable approximations to entailment and subtyping constrained types — two problems whi...

A range of parameter changes in I(1) cointegrated time series are not reflected in econometric models thereof, in that many shifts are not easily detected by conventional tests. The breaks in question are changes that leave the unconditional expectations of the I(0) components unaltered. Thus, dynamics, adjustment speeds etc. may alter without detection. However, shifts in long-run means are ge...