Rising energy costs have spawned renewed interest in improving methodologies for the synthesis, design and/or retrofitting of separation rocesses. It is well known that energy use in many process industries is dominated by separation tasks—particularly distillation. In this work, the hortest stripping line approach recently proposed by Lucia, Amale, & Taylor (2006) is used to find minimum energ...

The use of composite on the strengthening and retrofitting masonry structures over past few decades has gained considerable importance. In this paper, influence partial reinforcement structural response arches is studied. An upper bound limit analysis numerical approach been implemented to compute collapse multipliers reproduce mechanisms two different study cases by increasing cohesion value r...

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Natural hazards threaten everybody living in vulnerable areas. With the increasing concentration of people, infrastructure and facilities in them, urban areas are becoming particularly vulnerable to hazards (Pelling 2003, Perrow 2007). Hazards become disasters when they impact on human beings and their artefacts. The people and institutions involved include, amongst others, those participating ...

Typical architecture designers convey through vague and qualified notions. With the increasing number of PV installations on buildings, architects are forced to corporate with technicians and engineers in the design processes. However, the communications between them are often hindered because unlike architects who communicate through semantic descriptors and visual images, engineers are used t...

in recent years, seismic evaluation and vulnerability of the existing buildings, that have been designed based on an earlier seismic design code or designed without seismic design criteria, has been very important. in this paper, the seismic evaluation and vulnerability of concrete buildings, using an old 5- story building with shear walls as an example has been discussed. for this building, fi...

the current study focuses on the experimental investigation of frp strengthening of rc portal frame subjected to combined vertical and horizontal loads. the main target of this research is to enhance the proposed structural properties that the rc portal frame had before the seismic occurrences by providing retrofitting of both columns and joints with more deformation capacity. the effect of var...