objects may serve to give a secondary reading to what appear to be denotationless descriptions, in order explain how they can be used in true sentences. In the next section, we consider the analysis of belief reports and identity statements. In contast to guise theory, we construe our special objects as the senses of terms that denote ordinary objects and offer a strict analysis of identity sta...

Poplars (Populus sp.) and willows (Salix sp.) are well known woody plants common throughout the northern hemisphere, both with fully sequenced genomes. They bear compact unisexual inflorescences known as "catkins." Closely related genera of the "salicoid clade" within the family Salicaceae include the Asian genera Bennettiodendron, Idesia, Itoa, Poliothyrsis, and Carrierea and the Central Ameri...

Willow is a free-text Adaptive Computer Assisted Assessment system, which supports natural language processing and user modeling. In this paper we discuss the benefits coming from extending Willow with recommendations. The approach combines human computer interaction methods to elicit the recommendations with data mining techniques to adjust their definition. Following a scenario-based approach...

Dealing with damage that arises during operation of networked information systems is essential if such systems are to provide the dependability required by modern critical applications. Extensive damage can arise from environmental factors, malicious actions and so on, and in most cases it is impractical to mask the effects of such damage using typical redundancy techniques. Reconfiguration is ...

Relative abundance of woody plants and their utilization by beavers (Castor canadensis) were measured on watersheds in Ashtabula and Columbiana Counties, Ohio, in 1966-67. A food index showed aspen (Populus sp.), alder (Alnus sp.), hop-hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana), black cherry (Prunus serotina), willow (Salix sp.)> dogwood (Cornus sp.) and oak (Quercus sp.) to be major foods; 20 different wood...