Molecular phylogenetic relationships among members of the odonate genus Libellula (Odonata: Anisoptera: Libellulidae) were examined using 735 bp of mitochondrial COI and 416 bp of 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Considerable debate exists over several relationships within Libellula, as well over the status of two putative genera often placed as subgenera within Libellula: Ladona and Plathemis...

The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal repeat unit is the most popular locus for species identi cation and subgeneric phylogenetic inference in sequence-based mycological research. The region is known to show certain variability even within species, although its intraspeci c variability is often held to be limited and clearly separated from interspeci c variabi...

image classification is an issue which utilizes image processing, pattern recognition and classification methods. automatic medical image classification is a progressive area in image classification and it expected to be more developed in the future. due to this fact that automatic diagnosis which use intelligent methods such as medical image classification can assist pathologists by providing ...

prediction, diagnosis, recovery and recurrence of the breast cancer among the patients are always one of the most important challenges for explorers and scientists. nowadays by using of the bioinformatics sciences, these challenges can be eliminated by using of the previous information of patients records. in this paper has been used adaptive nero fuzzy inference system and data mining techniqu...

The tribe Acacieae (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) contains two genera, the monotypic African Faidherbia and the pantropical Acacia, which comprise about 1200 species with over 950 confined to Australia. As currently recognized, the genus Acacia is subdivided into three subgenera: subg. Acacia, subg. Aculeiferum, and the predominantly Australian subg. Phyllodineae. Morphological studies have suggested ...

The 55 known Culicoides species of Kenya, including the adult females of 52 species and the adult males of 46 species, are described. New taxa described for Kenya include C. isechnoensis n. sp. (subgenus Meijerehelea), C. karenensis n. sp. (similis group), and C. nairobiensis n. sp. (inornatipennis group). Three new species of the C. schultzei group are left unnamed. The Kenyan fauna is arrange...

Phlebotomine (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) taxonomy has been studied extensively, primarily due to the role of these flies as vectors of various parasites, including species of Leishmania, Bartonella and arboviruses that cause diseases in humans and other vertebrates. We present some topics discussed at a round-table on phlebotomine taxonomy held at the Ninth International Symposium on ...

Carnivorous plants have emerged as model systems for addressing many ecological and evolutionary questions, and since Lentibulariaceae comprise more than half of all known carnivorous species (325 spp.), they are of particular interest. Studies using various molecular markers have established that Lentibulariaceae and their three genera are monophyletic with Pinguicula being sister to a Genlise...

Symbiosis between the dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium and various invertebrates and protists is an ubiquitous phenomenon in shallow tropical and subtropical waters. Molecular studies undertaken on cnidarian symbionts revealed the presence of several distinctive lineages or subgeneric clades of Symbiodinium whose taxonomic level provides limited information about the specificity between invert...

A hybrid approach for intrusion detection in computer networks is presented in this paper. The proposed approach combines an evolutionary-based fuzzy system with an Ant Colony Optimization procedure to generate high-quality fuzzy-classification rules. We applied our hybrid learning approach to network security and validated it using the DARPA KDD-Cup99 benchmark data set. The results indicate t...