Sublingual immunotherapy is gaining widespread attention as a viable alternative to subcutaneous immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. In addition, sublingual immunotherapy has been studied in other allergic disorders including asthma. However, a review of published studies indicates that there are deficiencies and considerable heterogeneity in both design and data in...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor imidapril and the calcium antagonist amlodipine on endothelial function before and after 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 weeks of treatment. BACKGROUND There are limited data on whether and how long endothelial function is improved after initiation of ACE inhibitor treatment and how th...

14.3 Pharmacology of testosterone preparations 14.3.1 Oral administration 14.3.1.1 Unmodified testosterone 14.3.1.2 17 -methyltestosterone 14.3.1.3 Fluoxymesterone 14.3.1.4 Mesterolone 14.3.1.5 Testosterone undecanoate 14.3.2 Sublingual application 14.3.3 Buccal application 14.3.4 Nasal application 14.3.5 Rectal application 14.3.6 Intramuscular application 14.3.6.1 Testosterone propionate 14.3....

STUDY QUESTION Can sublingual administration of misoprostol 1 h prior to vacuum aspiration be more effective than vaginal administration and as effective as either route three 3 h prior to surgery? SUMMARY ANSWER Sublingually administered misoprostol is superior to vaginally administered misoprostol when given 1 h pre operatively, and it is as effective as after a three 3 h priming interval w...

Metastasis to the sublingual lymph nodes is very rare in oral cavity cancers. We present an early-stage floor of the mouth (FOM) cancer case with metastasis to the sublingual lymph node. Even though the rate of metastatic sublingual lymph nodes is low, the uncommon presence of sublingual lymph node metastasis in an early-stage FOM cancer case raises the question of routine FOM dissection. Furth...

Charles H., a 56 year old computer store manager, came to his local emergency room, complaining of vague chest discomfort present for about 4 h. Based on an absence of prior history of cardiovascular disease, a normal cardiovascular examination and electrocardiogram (ECG), and a failure to report any pain relief following the administration of sublingual nitroglycerin, the patient was discharge...

INTRODUCTION Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease of diverse origin with devastating consequences in adults as well as in children. The phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor sildenafil successfully lowers pulmonary vascular resistance. However, because of its poor enteral absorption, resulting in ineffective plasma concentrations, responses in infants and children are often erratic. CASE P...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Misoprostol would reduce the uterine bleeding after cesarean delivery without harmful effects on either mother or baby. We aimed to evaluate the effects of preoperative misoprostol on maternal blood loss, uterine tone, and the need for additional oxytocin after cesarean delivery under isoflurane anesthesia. METHODS After ethical approval, 366 patients scheduled for e...

Buprenorphine is an opioid, used in the United States and abroad for both analgesia and addiction, with unique opioid receptor binding properties. There are several pharmacological features of buprenorphine that make it an emerging option for the long-term treatment of chronic pain-its respiratory suppression ceiling effect, its efficacy in neuropathic pain and hyperalgesic states, and its decr...

promethazine hydrochloride, a 5-ht3 antagonist is a powerful antiemetic drug with an oral bioavailability of 25% due to extensive hepatic first pass metabolism and is extremely bitter in taste. to overcome the above draw backs, the present study was carried out to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving taste masked wafers of promethazine hydrochloride for sublingual administration. taste maskin...