Abstract At the 12th Ministerial Conference in June 2022, Members of World Trade Organization ( WTO ) reached a historic Agreement on Fisheries Subsidies that aims to contribute United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This article provides necessary background Agreement, tracing briefly history negotiations. After general overview three key provisions are examined, namely, prohibition sub...

This paper uses administrative data to analyze a large and 8-year long employer payroll tax rate cut in Sweden for young workers aged 26 or less. We replicate previous results documenting that during the earlier years of reform, it raised youth employment among treated workers, driven by labor demand (as workers’ take-home wages did not respond). First, drawing on additional data, this then doc...

Estuaries are amongst the world's most productive ecosystems, lying at the intersection between terrestrial and marine environments. They receive substantial inputs from adjacent landscapes but the importance of resource subsidies is not well understood. Here, we test hypotheses for the effects of both terrestrial- and salmon-derived resource subsidies on the diet (inferred from stable isotopes...

The implementation of economic projects by targeting the subsidies can have a great effect on the cost competitiveness of the industries and their products. The global steel industry has been considered as a basic key industry in the industrialized countries. It is also among the industries that may be seriously affected by the enforcement of subsidies. This industry, requiring energy and high-...

OBJECTIVES Government healthcare subsidies for healthcare facilities play a significant role in providing more extensive healthcare access to patients, especially poor ones. However, equitable distribution of these subsidies continues to pose a challenge in rural ethnic minority areas of China. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits distribution of outpatient services across different socioe...