background   and   objectives:    the   toxin   co-regulated   pilus   a   (tcpa)   has   been   described   as   a   criti- cal  pathogenicity  factor  of   vibrio  cholerae .  tcpa  is  a  candidate  for  making  subunit  vaccine  against  chol- era.  the  aim  of  this  study  was  to  produce  a  candidate  vaccine  by  expressing  recombinant  tcpa  in   e.  coli . materials and methods: i...

       Cholera toxin B subunit (CtxB) is a homopantameric, nontoxic subunit of cholera toxin that is responsible for its binding to the cell and has been known as a mucosal adjuvant for vaccines that could increase homoral and mocusal immunity response. In this work, the CtxB gene was fused to the StxB gene from Shigella dysenteriae type I a vaccine antigen candidate against t...

SARS-C0V-2 has quickly caused a pandemic. The distribution of vaccines is presently underway in an effort to stop the viral transmission and fatalities, several vaccinations have been created decrease COVID virus disease, 2019, development vaccine-induced population immunity important global strategy. Review anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain (S-RBD) person's level immune response antib...

BACKGROUND Serum antibody responses in humans to inactivated influenza A (H5N1), (H9N2) and A (H7) vaccines have been varied but frequently low, particularly for subunit vaccines without adjuvant despite hemagglutinin (HA) concentrations expected to induce good responses. DESIGN To help understand the low responses to subunit vaccines, we evaluated influenza A (H5N1), (H9N2), (H7N7) vaccines ...

results the results showed that all the strains had the dominant allele ptxs1a. there were differences between the alleles of the clinical strains and the vaccine strain. conclusions in recent years, a significant increase in the incidence of pertussis has been reported worldwide. our findings regarding the allelic shift of the ptxs1 gene are similar to those reported in many european and ameri...

Influenza virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) is an excellent and chief target that elicits neutralizing antibodies during vaccination or natural infection. Its HA2 subunit (stem domain) is most conserved as compared to HA1 subunit (globular head domain). Current influenza vaccine relies on globular head domain that provides protection only against the homologous vaccine strains, rare...

Brucellosis is a well-known infection in domestic animals which caused by Brucella bacterium. Due toserious economic and medical consequences of this disease, various efforts have been made to prevent theinfection through the use of recombinant vaccines based on Brucella outer membrane protein (OMP)antigens. The objectives of the present study were cloning, sequencing and epitope prediction of ...

Heartwater, or cowdriosis, is a tick-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is endemic in the Caribbean and sub-Saharan Africa. The disease is caused by an intracellular pathogen, Ehrlichia ruminantium and may be fatal within days of the onset of clinical signs with mortality rates of up to 90% in susceptible hosts. Due to the presence of competent tick vectors in North America, ther...

Recent advances in the development of chlamydia vaccines, using live-attenuated or ultraviolet light-inactivated chlamydia, are paving the way for new possibilities to oppose the societal challenges posed by chlamydia-related diseases, such as blinding trachoma. An effective subunit vaccine would mitigate the risks associated with the use of a whole-cell vaccine. Our rationale for the design of...