introduction: migraine is a common cause of emergency department (ed) visits. to date, there is no recommended drug of choice for pain management of these patients. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ketorolac and magnesium sulfate in this regard. methods: this is a cross-sectional study performed on all 18 - 60 year-old patients, visiting two different eds with com...

The fundamental insights into uraemic toxicity have evolved little since publication of the classical monograph by Cushny nearly a century ago [1]. Organic metabolites are still thought to substantially contribute to uremia (albeit urea might not be the culprit), yet evidence unequivocally demonstrating toxicity of any single uraemic constituent is lacking [2]. To advance research in uraemic to...

Determination of the type of precipitated calcium sulfate in mixing two incompatible injection and formation waters was studied experimentally in this work at two temperatures of 26oC and 80oC. Here the SEM, EDX and XRD techniques have been used to inspect the temperature effects on the morphology, type, and size of the precipitated calcium sulfate crystals. The result...

We have studied the affinity between fibroblast proteoheparan sulfate (medium- and cell surface-derived species) and heparan sulfate-agaroses by affinity chromatography. The evidence for an interaction between the heparan sulfate side chains of the proteoglycans and the immobilized heparan sulfate are as follows: (a) the individual side chains released from the proteoglycan by papain bind to th...

A rat hepatoma cell line was shown to synthesize heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Unlike cultured hepatocytes, the hepatoma cells did not deposit these proteoglycans into an extracellular matrix, and most of the newly synthesized heparan sulfate proteoglycans were secreted into the culture medium. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans were also found associated with the cell surfa...

Primary cell cultures of differentiated chondrocytes were shown to produce chondroitin-4-sulfate as the predominant mucopolysaccharide, with suggestive evidence for the synthesis of keratan sulfate and possibly chondroitin-6-sulfate. Chicken embryonic cartilage was shown to be composed mainly of chondroitin-4-sulfate, with a small amount of chondroitin-6-sulfate, but essentially no keratan sulf...

conclusions: the reduction of propofol injection pain was observed by using medications (in comparison with normal saline), but it was more significant in groups g and l. moreover, hypotension was higher in groups s and g and it was lessened in group p. patients and methods: this is an interventional study containing 336 patients underwent elective orthopedic surgeries in educational hospitals ...

nitrogen is one of the most important and essential lelments for plant growth and development and it has an important role on quantitative and qualitative yield production in agriculture. this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of foliar application of nitrogen on qualitative traits of tomato fruits using a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications under...

: pulpotomy is an accepted treatment for the management of cariously exposed pulps in symptom free primary molars. the purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of three different single-visit vital pulp therapies including pulpotomy with electrosurgery (es), formocresol (fc) and ferric sulfate (fs) in cariously exposed primary molar teeth . materials & methods...

Protein-bound uremic toxins, indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate, increase oxidative stress and adversely affect chronic kidney disease progression and cardiovascular complications. In this study, we examined whether mitochondria are the target of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresol sulfate intoxication in vivo and in vitro. The kidneys of 10-week-old male B-6 mice with ½-nephrectomy treated with ind...