Significant cocoa production in the municipality of Waslala, Nicaragua, began in 1961. Since the 1980s, its economic importance to rural smallholders increased, and the region now contributes more than 50% of national cocoa bean production. This research aimed to assist local farmers to develop production of high-value cocoa based on optimal use of cacao biodiversity. Using microsatellite marke...

UNLABELLED Recent studies have shown that a single-nucleotide polymorphism upstream of the interleukin-28B (IL28B) gene plays a major role in predicting therapeutic response in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients treated with pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN)/ribavirin. We sought to investigate the mechanism of the IL28B polymorphism, specifically as it relates to early HCV viral kinetics, I...

To facilitate the management of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, two nucleic acid sequence-based methods, the GenoType MTBDRplus test and DNA sequencing, were assessed for the rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis for the first time in the Asia-Pacific region. The performances of these two assays in detecting the presence of rifampin (rifampicin) (RIF) and isoniazi...

Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] is an important crop in southern Africa where it cultivated a wide range of agro-ecologies. Both spatial and seasonal variability high the region. As result, breeders aim to release varieties with fine balance productivity potential stability. Genotype × environment interaction (GEI) limits selection superior genotypes heterogeneous environments consequently s...

Purpose To identify genetic, systemic, and biological factors associated with the occurrence of sickle cell maculopathy (SCM). evaluate microvascular macular alterations using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in disease (SCD). Design Cross-sectional study. Methods One hundred fifty-one eyes 78 adult SCD patients (43 HbSS, 30 HbSC, 4 S/β+, 1 HbS Lepore) 40 20 healthy controls unde...

This study was carried out in Diyarbakır conditions with 20 advanced triticale lines and 5 standard varieties 2012-2013 2013-14 growing seasons. According to variance analysis results, the interaction of year, genotype year*genotype found be significant (p<0.01; p<0.05) terms many characteristics. results showing that plant height changed 3 237-5 389 kg/ha-1, hectoliter weight is ...

BACKGROUND The motive of this study was to investigate the collaboration between MDR1 gene polymorphisms and anesthetic effects following pediatric tonsillectomy. METHODS All together 178 children undergoing tonsillectomy with preoperative sevoflurane-remifentanil anesthesia were selected. In order to determine MDR1 gene polymorphisms of 3435C > T, 1236C > T, and 2677G > T/A, polymerase chain...

CONTEXT Indirect evidence suggests that the glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) gene might be implicated in major depressive disorder (MDD). BACKGROUND We evaluated 15 GSK3beta single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to test for associations with regional gray matter (GM) volume differences in patients with recurrent MDD. We then used the defined regions of interest based on significant ...

Genotype-by-environment (GEI) interaction provides the basic information that helps breeders to select stable and superior genotypes for targeted environments. Climate change also alters recommendations of genotype a specific condition. The field study carried out during cropping seasons 2015–2016 determined performance 16 wheat (13 lines three cultivars) at different locations: University Agri...