The launch of Chandra and XMM-Newton has led to important new findings concerning the X-ray emission from supernova remnants. These findings are a result of the high spatial resolution with which imaging spectroscopy is now possible, but also some useful results have come out of the grating spectrometers of both X-ray observatories, despite the extended nature of supernova remnants. The finding...

We propose that future observation of supernova relic neutrino (SRN) can be used to probe neutrino decay models. We focus on invisible (e.g., Majoron) decays, and work out the general solution of SRN kinetic equations in the presence of oscillations plus decay. We then apply the general solution to specific decay scenario, and show that the predicted SRN event rate can span the whole range belo...

A model-independent experimental signature for flavor oscillations in the neutrino signal from the next Galactic supernova (SN) would be the observation of Earth matter effects. We calculate the probability for observing a Galactic SN shadowed by the Earth as a function of the detector’s geographic latitude. This probability depends only mildly on details of the Galactic SN distribution. A loca...

Gamma-ray observations of the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253 over the energy range 0.06–10 MeV have been obtained with the OSSE spectrometer. The source was detected up to 200 keV with a total significance of 4.2σ. When attributed to NGC 253 this corresponds to an estimated luminosity of 3 × 1040 ergs s-1. The spectrum is fit by a power law of photon index ~ 2.5. A search for 56Ni → 56Co → 56F...

A high-statistics measurement of the neutrinos from a galactic core-collapse supernova is extremely important for understanding the explosion mechanism, and studying the intrinsic properties of neutrinos themselves. In this paper, we explore the possibility to constrain the absolute scale of neutrino masses mν via the detection of galactic supernova neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrin...

The shape of the neutrino pulse from the supernova SN1987a provides one of the most stringent constraints on the size of large, compact, “gravityonly” extra dimensions. Previously, calculations have been carried out for a newly-born proto-neutron star with a temperature of about 50 MeV at nuclear matter density. It is arguable that, due to the extreme conditions in the interior of the star, mat...

The pursuit of the core collapse supernova explosion mechanism continues. While such efforts have been undertaken over the last four decades, it is only in the last decade that multidimensional models have been developed, and only in the last few years that significant components of supernova models, such as the neutrino transport, have been modeled with sufficient realism. We can now identify ...

This paper reviews recent advances in the study or circumstellar masers and masers found toward supernova remnants. The review is organized by science focus area, including the astrophysics of extended stellar atmospheres, stellar mass-loss processes and outflows, late-type evolved stellar evolution, stellar maser excitation and chemistry, and the use of stellar masers as independent distance e...

The discovery of SN 2002ic and subsequent spectroscopic studies have led to the surprising finding that SN 2002ic is a Type Ia supernova with strong ejectacircumstellar interaction. Here we show that nearly 1 year after the explosion the supernova has become fainter overall, but the Hα emission has brightened and broadened dramatically compared to earlier observations. We have obtained spectrop...

We study the effect of environment on the properties of type Ia supernovae by analyzing the integrated spectra of 57 local type Ia supernova host galaxies. We deduce from the spectra the metallicity, current star formation rate, and star formation history of the host and compare these to the supernova decline rates. Additionally, we compare the host properties to the difference between the deri...