Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a group of disorders that usually involves compression the brachial plexus, and, less frequently, subclavian vein or artery, often caused by supernumerary rib. The main symptoms are upper extremity pallor, venous thrombosis, paresthesia, weakness, muscle atrophy, and pain.1Barkhordarian S. First rib resection in thoracic syndrome.J Hand Surg Am. 2007; 32: 565-5...

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility to detect activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) using single-time-point infrared thermography of the supraclavicular skin region under thermoneutral conditions. To this end, infrared thermography was compared with 18-F-FDG PET, the current reference standard for the detection of activated BAT. METHODS 120 patients were enrolled in this study. After exclusion...

Purpose: We evaluated the effect of adding Sufentanil to mixture Lidocaine and Bupivacaine used for supraclavicular brachial plexus block in reducing postoperative pain.
 Method: This double-blind clinical intervention trial was conducted 2007. Patients scheduled undergo upper limb orthopedic surgeries under were recruited. Participants one arm given Sufentanil, lidocaine, bupivacaine (Gro...

Background: Various adjuvants have been added to improve the quality of supraclavicular brachail plexus block and prolong postoperative analgesia. The aim present study was compare onset duration sensory motor blockade provided by dexmedetomidine fentanyl as ropivacaine in such block. Methods: In this 60 patients with American Society Anesthesiologists grade I/II scheduled for elective upper li...